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61.
Robert Lane 《History of Photography》2013,37(3):289-291
Abstract Scholars have acknowledged the scotsman, hugh Mackay (c. 1824–1857), as the earliest photographer in Hongkong. A resident of the British colony during the late 1840s, he was beleived to have operated a daguerreotype studio in that growing port town. 1 A recent study of newspapers published in Hongkong between 1845 and 1849, revelas that Mackay's involvement with photography has been overstated and he may never, in fact, have taken a photograph. A review of Mackay's career, as documented in these publications, illustrates how the thoughtful use of primary source material, such as advertisements, can assist the historian of photography and, as demontrated in this case, challenge generally accepted notions. 相似文献
62.
Andrew T. Sensenig Kimberly A. Lorentz Sean P. Kelly Todd A. Blackledge 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2012,9(73):1880-1891
The kinetic energy of flying insect prey is a formidable challenge for orb-weaving spiders. These spiders construct two-dimensional, round webs from a combination of stiff, strong radial silk and highly elastic, glue-coated capture spirals. Orb webs must first stop the flight of insect prey and then retain those insects long enough to be subdued by the spiders. Consequently, spider silks rank among the toughest known biomaterials. The large number of silk threads composing a web suggests that aerodynamic dissipation may also play an important role in stopping prey. Here, we quantify energy dissipation in orb webs spun by diverse species of spiders using data derived from high-speed videos of web deformation under prey impact. By integrating video data with material testing of silks, we compare the relative contributions of radial silk, the capture spiral and aerodynamic dissipation. Radial silk dominated energy absorption in all webs, with the potential to account for approximately 100 per cent of the work of stopping prey in larger webs. The most generous estimates for the roles of capture spirals and aerodynamic dissipation show that they rarely contribute more than 30 per cent and 10 per cent of the total work of stopping prey, respectively, and then only for smaller orb webs. The reliance of spider orb webs upon internal energy absorption by radial threads for prey capture suggests that the material properties of the capture spirals are largely unconstrained by the selective pressures of stopping prey and can instead evolve freely in response to alternative functional constraints such as adhering to prey. 相似文献
63.
Patrick J. Gray Sean D. Conklin Todor I. Todorov Sasha M. Kasko 《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2016,33(1):78-85
This paper reports the effects of rinsing rice and cooking it in variable amounts of water on total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, iron, cadmium, manganese, folate, thiamin and niacin in the cooked grain. We prepared multiple rice varietals both rinsed and unrinsed and with varying amounts of cooking water. Rinsing rice before cooking has a minimal effect on the arsenic (As) content of the cooked grain, but washes enriched iron, folate, thiamin and niacin from polished and parboiled rice. Cooking rice in excess water efficiently reduces the amount of As in the cooked grain. Excess water cooking reduces average inorganic As by 40% from long grain polished, 60% from parboiled and 50% from brown rice. Iron, folate, niacin and thiamin are reduced by 50–70% for enriched polished and parboiled rice, but significantly less so for brown rice, which is not enriched. 相似文献
64.
Dorian A. H. Hanaor Mohammed H. N. Assadi Sean Li Aibing Yu Charles C. Sorrell 《Computational Mechanics》2012,50(2):185-194
Ab initio density functional theory calculations of the relative stability of the anatase and rutile polymorphs of TiO2 were carried out using all-electron atomic orbitals methods with local density approximation. The rutile phase exhibited a moderate margin of stability of ~ 3 meV relative to the anatase phase in pristine material. From computational analysis of the formation energies of Si, Al, Fe and F dopants of various charge states across different Fermi level energies in anatase and in rutile, it was found that the cationic dopants are most stable in Ti substitutional lattice positions while formation energy is minimised for F? doping in interstitial positions. All dopants were found to considerably stabilise anatase relative to the rutile phase, suggesting the anatase to rutile phase transformation is inhibited in such systems with the dopants ranked F?>?Si?>?Fe?>?Al in order of anatase stabilisation strength. Al and Fe dopants were found to act as shallow acceptors with charge compensation achieved through the formation of mobile carriers rather than the formation of anion vacancies. 相似文献
65.
66.
Sean R. Stanek Wallapak Tavanapong Johnny Wong JungHwan Oh Ruwan D. Nawarathna Jayantha Muthukudage Piet C. de Groen 《Computer methods and programs in biomedicine》2013
This paper describes the design and implementation of SAPPHIRE – a novel middleware and software development kit for stream programing on a heterogeneous system of multi-core multi-CPUs with optional hardware accelerators such as graphics processing unit (GPU). A stream program consists of a set of tasks where the same tasks are repeated over multiple iterations of data (e.g., video frames). Examples of such programs are video analysis applications for computer-aided diagnosis and computer-assisted surgeries. Our design goal is to reduce the implementation efforts and ease collaborative software development of stream programs while supporting efficient execution of the programs on the target hardware. To validate the toolkit, we implemented EM-Automated-RT software with the toolkit and reported our experience. EM-Automated-RT performs real-time video analysis for quality of a colonoscopy procedure and provides visual feedback to assist the endoscopist to achieve optimal inspection of the colon during the procedure. The software has been deployed in a hospital setting to conduct a clinical trial. 相似文献
67.
Robert C. Mathews Irving M. Lane Lewis G. Roussel Mark S. Nagy Dawn E. Haptonstahl Drew B. Brock 《人工智能实验与理论杂志》2013,25(3-4):259-276
Three experiments investigated procedures derived from research on knowledge acquisition, group processes, and artificial intelligence for facilitating the development of expertise. In each experimental session, subjects learned to control a simulated sugar production factory. Then they formulated written policies for controlling sugar production either alone as individuals or in small groups. An adaptive AI system provided feedback on policy quality. The research also investigated the use of forced reflective practice in which learners attempted to predict what their policy would do while performing the task. The AI system provided feedback about what their policy would have done in each situation and the outcome based on their policy's response or their suggested alternative response. Results indicated that group interaction and feedback from the AI system improved policy quality. However, only when all three procedures were employed, group interaction, AI feedback, and forced reflective practice, was the development of individual expertise on the task enhanced. 相似文献
68.
69.
The future of iron pnictide superconductors in technology is still undecided. While these materials are now known to possess relatively high critical temperatures and critical magnetic fields, processing methods for these superconductors are still in the development stage. Recently we have been investigating possible ways to speed up the synthetic process for obtaining polycrystalline iron arsenide superconductors and other transition metal pnictides. Here we report the synthesis of NdFeAsO and NdFe0.9Co0.1AsO in less than 1 h total exposure to microwave radiation using an additional microwave susceptor to surround the reaction ampoule. Structure and property measurements reveal the samples to be of high quality and superconducting when Co doped. 相似文献
70.