Challenges of Raman Amplification

Raman amplifiers are often regarded as a typical example of technologies rapidly developed in the midst of turmoil created by the so-called wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) bubble. Indeed, Raman amplifiers turned out to be technically very attractive in all the aspects of capacity, reach, and bit rate. Even though Raman amplifiers are actually being deployed into systems in commercial service, the practical issues, such as cost, reliability and safety, are yet to be further discussed, particularly for the configuration of distributed amplification. After summarizing the advantages of Raman amplification and reviewing pump laser technologies, this paper will highlight ongoing efforts on practical issues, which include reliability and safety issues of fiber under high-power operations. Finally, it is concluded that by overcoming the above-mentioned practical issues, Raman amplification will stay as a key technology for future optical communications because of its compelling unique advantages.     

Dynamic anti-windup based control method for state constrained systems

Based on the dynamic anti-windup strategy, an alternative control methodology for state constrained systems is presented. The proposed method is an a posteriori approach for state constrained systems, which is differentiated from the usual a priori approach. That is, first a linear controller is designed to show a desirable nominal performance by ignoring state constraints. Then, an additional compensator is introduced to account for state constraints. By minimizing a reasonable performance index, a dynamic compensator is derived explicitly, which is expressed in plant and controller parameters. The proposed method not only provides a graceful performance degradation, but it also guarantees the total stability of the resulting systems. An illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Recursive nonlinear observer design: beyond the uniform observability

We propose a recursive design scheme of a state observer for multiple-input-multiple-output, partly lower triangular nonlinear systems. The design begins from the subdynamics far from the output and propagates to the subdynamics close to the output, recalling the backstepping scheme for nonlinear control. The proposed class of systems is fairly general since it includes nonuniformly observable and/or detectable multioutput systems. Error convergence to zero is proved assuming boundedness of inputs a posteriori (i.e., after the design), which is preferable whereas most results in the literature assume the boundedness; a priori (i.e., before the design). A global observer is proposed with the global Lipschitz condition of the system, but without any restriction on the size of Lipschitz coefficient. The Lipschitz condition can be removed when a semiglobal observer is of interest.     

中小企业硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘单线制造的探索

硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘单线制造可以借鉴聚氯乙烯绝缘单线的制造,然而,其对导体制品的要求和绝缘挤出工艺存在着很多不同之处。本文通过比较和分析,探索传统生产聚氯乙烯绝缘电线电缆的中小型企业,通常产品的产量较小、品种较多、一机多用或品种变化频繁的条件下,增加硅烷交联电线电缆生产时,在绝缘单线制造中应采取相应的对策和注意事项,指出了导体制造、绝缘挤出和交联工艺中质量控制要点。     

VC下实现基于Modbus协议的DCS与远程I/O系统通信

本文在分析Modbus协议及其通信原理的基础上，结合工程实际，提出了一种在工业PC机上实现串行通信的方法，并在Visual C 6．0环境下开发了通信的应用程序，实现了基于Modbus协议的DCS与远程I／O系统通信。     

对气体分析仪现状与发展的初步探讨

本文较详细地介绍了氩、氧、水分等几种分析仪器 ,阐述了它们的工作原理、优点、缺点及使用中应注意的问题     

Growth of aluminum nitride thin films prepared by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition

Aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films were deposited by atomic layer deposition from aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) and an ammonia/hydrogen plasma. The most important role of the ammonia/hydrogen plasma was to act as a reducing agent to extract Cl from AlCl₃, and to form AlN subsequently. The growth rate was saturated at ∼0.042 nm/cycle, and the thickness was proportional to the number of reaction cycles. Repeating this reaction cycle led to precisely controlled growth. The film properties were analyzed using Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis. The concentration of chlorine and hydrogen impurities was 0.23 and 2.01 at.%, respectively. AlN films showed good anti-oxidation properties when O₂ was annealed at 650 °C for 30 min.     

关于管理信息化工作的思考

本文探讨在管理信息化工作的关键内容,分析了信息、信息工具与管理工作的关系,强调信息数据的重要性。认为信息是管理工作的主要内容,信息的载体从纸张介质向电磁介质转化,信息工具因此发生了重要变化。管理工作是对工作中产生的信息进行处理,信息量的大小决定了组织结构,信息的如何处理决定了管理的工作流程。管理信息化工作要从信息载体变化的前提出发,考虑这个转变所带来的各种困难,充分应用信息工具的各种资源。在管理信息化工作中应考虑企业的成本和效益。管理系统应从业务出发,打破部门的界限,从数据源头开始,着重考虑权限的榨制,增强灵活性和适应性。     

Academic trajectories of newcomer immigrant youth.

Immigration to the United States presents both challenges and opportunities that affect students' academic achievement. Using a 5-year longitudinal, mixed-methods approach, we identified varying academic trajectories of newcomer immigrant students from Central America, China, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Mexico. Latent class growth curve analysis revealed that although some newcomer students performed at high or improving levels over time, others showed diminishing performance. Multinomial logistic regressions identified significant group differences in academic trajectories, particularly between the high-achieving youth and the other groups. In keeping with ecological–developmental and stage–environment fit theories, School Characteristics (school segregation rate, school poverty rate, and student perceptions of school violence), Family Characteristics (maternal education, parental employment, and household structure), and Individual Characteristics (academic English proficiency, academic engagement, psychological symptoms, gender, and 2 age-related risk factors, number of school transitions and being overaged for grade placement) were associated with different trajectories of academic performance. A series of case studies triangulate many of the quantitative findings as well as illuminate patterns that were not detected in the quantitative data. Thus, the mixed-methods approach sheds light on the cumulative developmental challenges that immigrant students face as they adjust to their new educational settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Superior–Subordinate Relationships in Korean Civil Engineering Companies

The Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) relationship quality between superiors and subordinates in Korean civil engineering companies were empirically examined for superiors’ feedback-seeking behaviors. The results showed that for superiors, affect, loyalty, and contribution toward subordinates were positively related to seeking negative as well as positive feedback from subordinates. From subordinates’ point of view, affect, contribution, and professional respect toward their superiors were positively related to superiors’ negative feedback seeking, but affect was negatively related to superiors’ positive feedback seeking. It was also found that superiors and subordinates were not consensual in LMX and superiors’ feedback-seeking behaviors. For example, for superiors, all of the four LMX dimensions were positively related to superiors’ asking subordinates directly for feedback, whereas for subordinates, none of the LMX dimensions were significantly related to superiors’ asking subordinates directly for feedback. These and other findings are discussed in detail, and implications for the findings are provided.