任务驱动教学法在计算机语言教学中的探索

任务驱动教学法是建立在建构主义学习理论基础上的教学模式,将知识的学习放置于具体问题解决上来,通过学生自身或小组协作,来完成任务.在学习计算机编程的课程时,使用任务驱动法教学,可以大大提高教学效果,同时又能培养一种良好的团队精神,体现以学生的全面发展为中心的教育思想.     

The effect of handle friction and inward or outward torque on maximum axial push force

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship among friction, applied torque, and axial push force on cylindrical handles. BACKGROUND: We have earlier demonstrated that participants can exert greater contact force and torque in an "inward" movement of the hand about the long axis of a gripped cylinder (wrist flexion/forearm supination) than they can in an "outward" hand movement. METHOD: Twelve healthy participants exerted anteriorly directed maximum push forces along the long axis of aluminum and rubber handles while applying deliberate inward or outward torques, no torque (straight), and an unspecified (preferred) torque. RESULTS: Axial push force was 12% greater for the rubber handle than for the aluminum handle. Participants exerted mean torques of 1.1, 0.3, 2.5, and -2.0 Nm and axial push forces of 94, 85, 75, and 65 N for the preferred, straight, inward, and outward trials, respectively. Left to decide for themselves, participants tended to apply inward torques, which were associated with increased axial push forces. CONCLUSION: Axial push force was limited by hand-handle coupling--not the whole body's push strength. Participants appeared to intuitively know that the application of an inward torque would improve their maximum axial push force. Axial push forces were least when a deliberate torque was requested, probably because high levels of torque exertions interfered with the push. APPLICATION: A low-friction handle decreases maximum axial push force. It should be anticipated that people will apply inward torque during maximum axial push.     

On Controllability of Switched Linear Systems

This paper investigates the number of switchings and design of switching sequences for controllability of switched linear systems. Two related results are established. One is a new constructive approach to designing switching sequences. The controllable state set of each switching sequence designed via the approach coincides with the controllable subspace of switched linear systems. The other is a well-estimated value for the minimum number of switchings required for controllability. Each state in the controllable subspace can be steered to origin within this value of switching times.     

Collapse-free thermal bonding technique for large area microchambers in plastic lab-on-a-chip applications

Bonding is an essential step to form microchannels or microchambers in lab-on-a-chip applications. In this paper, we present a novel plastic thermal bonding technique to seal and form large area microchambers (planar characteristic width and length on the order of 1 mm and characteristic thickness on the order of 10–100 μm) without collapse by introducing a holed pressure equalizing plate (HPEP) that includes holes of the same size and shape as the microchambers. To demonstrate the proposed technique, two types of large area microchambers [(1) 20 × 10 mm and 40 μm thick and (2) 12 × 2.5 mm and 120 μm thick] with microchannels were designed and replicated on plastic substrates by means of hot embossing and injection molding processes with prepared two nickel mold inserts. The replicated large area microchambers as well as the microchannels in the plastic lab-on-a-chip were successfully sealed (i.e., no leakage) and formed without any collapse by the proposed thermal bonding technique with the help of the HPEP.     

基于新型协调量化容差关系的不完备数据填补方法

提出一种基于新型协调量化容差关系的不完备数据补齐算法。首先求出属性值不完备对象的容差类,结合属性的重要度,将容差类里面的对象容差关系量化,再根据决策规则独立原则,在尽可能保持系统协调性的前提下对缺失属性值进行补齐。大量实验证明了本算法的有效性。     

数字对讲机SoC软件平台的组建方法

新近出台的数字对讲机国家标准,将这一新型手持通信终端推向了市场前沿.数字对讲机将多采用Soc设计,软件平台成为实现其功能的关键.立足数字对讲设备的应用,按照分步移植与扩展的步骤介绍一种以μC/OS-Ⅱ内核、MiniGUI图形界面与YAFFS文件系统等为基础,兼顾经济性的嵌入式软件平台的组建方法及其关键技术.系统实际运行表明,该方法完全可以满足普通手持通信终端对嵌入式系统的要求.     

一种过程支持向量机及其在动态模式分类中的应用

针对一般SVM在机制上难以直接对动态模式进行分类的问题,提出了一种基于函数正交基展开的过程支持向量机.该模型的输入为时变函数,输出为模式类别.在输入函数空间中选择一组适当的正交函数基,将输入函数在该组函数基下进行有限项展开,把展开式系数作为核函数的输入.由于时变函数在基函数映射下与展开式系数一一对应,从而可利用SVM的变换机制实现动态模式分类.给出了基于SMO的求解算法,实验结果验证了模型和算法的有效性.     

Toward a free-space parallel optoelectronic computer: a 300-MHz optoelectronic counter using holographic interconnects

We built and tested one of the key components of a free-space holographically interconnected stored-program optoelectronic computer: a counter. The counter is constructed with 1-ns-latency optoelectronic NOR gates and is interconnected with holographic optical elements. Two synchronization methods were also demonstrated: the gate-and-strobe method and the time-of-flight method. These counters represent prototypical optoelectronic finite-state controllers. They were developed to demonstrate the feasibility of providing optoelectronic controllers for optoelectronic processors.     

Preparation of PbTiO3 thin films using an alkoxide-alkanolamine sol-gel system

The stable range of PbTiO₃ sol and the processing conditions of uniform thin films were investigated using a solution of titanium isopropoxide, three kinds of alkanolamines (monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine), lead acetate trihydrate and isopropanol. Depending on the sol state with various alkanolamine/alkoxide molar ratios, diethanolamine (DEA) was very effective in preparing uniform and dense oxide films through room-temperature reaction, owing to its superior stability during the hydrolysis and condensation reaction. Perovskite PbTiO₃ thin films were obtained on oxidized silicon wafer above 550 °C and completely pure films were obtained at 650 °C using DEA as a complexing agent. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of these thin films fired at 650 °C for 30 min were found to be 240 and 0.01 at 1 kHz, respectively.     

Macrophage Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles Sensitize Glioblastoma to Radiation by Suppressing Proneural–Mesenchymal Transformation in Glioma Stem Cells

Radiotherapy is identified as a crucial treatment for patients with glioblastoma, but recurrence is inevitable. The efficacy of radiotherapy is severely hampered partially due to the tumor evolution. Growing evidence suggests that proneural glioma stem cells can acquire mesenchymal features coupled with increased radioresistance. Thus, a better understanding of mechanisms underlying tumor subclonal evolution may develop new strategies. Herein, data highlighting a positive correlation between the accumulation of macrophage in the glioblastoma microenvironment after irradiation and mesenchymal transdifferentiation in glioblastoma are presented. Mechanistically, elevated production of inflammatory cytokines released by macrophages promotes mesenchymal transition in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Hence, rationally designed macrophage membrane-coated porous mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMNs) in which therapeutic anti-NF-κB peptides are loaded for enhancing radiotherapy of glioblastoma are constructed. The combination of MMNs and fractionated irradiation results in the blockage of tumor evolution and therapy resistance in glioblastoma-bearing mice. Intriguingly, the macrophage invasion across the blood-brain barrier is inhibited competitively by MMNs, suggesting that these nanoparticles can fundamentally halt the evolution of radioresistant clones. Taken together, the biomimetic MMNs represent a promising strategy that prevents mesenchymal transition and improves therapeutic response to irradiation as well as overall survival in patients with glioblastoma.