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11.
Gate location design in injection molding of an automobile junction box with integral hinges 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Polymers such as polypropylene or polyethylene offer a unique feature of producing an integral or living hinge for automobiles, which can flex over a million times without causing a failure. However, due to increased fluidity resistance at hinges during molding, several defects such as short shot or premature failure can occur with the improper selection of gate locations. In this paper, a design guideline was induced by investigating resin flow patterns depending on several gate positions obtained by numerical analyses of a simple strip with a hinge. The analyses of the simple strip part showed that the resin at the hinge did not flow until the other side of the strip was filled. Once the resin at the hinge did not flow for a long time enough to be solidified, defects such as short shots or hesitation marks formed. For a practical application of the design guideline determined, four gate systems for an automobile junction box were designed. It was found that the properly determined gate location leads to better resin flow and shorter hesitation time. Finally, injection molding tryouts using a mold that was designed by one of the proposed gate systems were conducted. The experiments showed that hinges without defects could be produced by using the designed gate location to assure the induced design guideline to be reasonable. 相似文献
12.
Dong Seop Kim Shi Yul Kim BYung Tae Ahn Ho Bin Im 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》1994,5(1):17-21
Polycrystalline CdS/CdTe solar cells have been prepared by coating and sintering a CdS slurry and a (Cd+Te) slurry. CdS layers were first formed on borosilicate glass substrates at 600°C in nitrogen and then CdTe layers were formed on the sintered CdS layers at 625°C in nitrogen. The (Cd+Te) slurry contained (Cd+Te) powders mixed in a ball mill for 12–220 h instead of more expensive CdTe powders. The shape of cadmium particles changed from spherical to plate-like and the diameter of the plate-shaped particles became smaller as the ball-milling time increased. In addition, a compound CdTe started to form during a long milling time. The sintered CdTe layers were more compact as the diameter of plate-shaped cadmium particles decreased. However, cracks developed in the sintered CdTe layer when the diameter was small ( 2 m). The efficiency of sintered CdS/CdTe solar cells increased with decreasing particle diameter and then decreased with further decrease in particle diameter. The highest efficiency of 12.1% was achieved using a mixture of (Cd+Te) powders which had plate-shaped cadmium particles with a diameter of 5 m. The results suggest that high-efficiency sintered CdS/CdTe solar cells can be fabricated by using CdTe slurry from the mixture of (Cd+Te) powders with an inexpensive ball-milling process. 相似文献
13.
14.
Monitoring agricultural drought for arid and humid regions using multi-sensor remote sensing data 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
While existing remote sensing-based drought indices have characterized drought conditions in arid regions successfully, their use in humid regions is limited. We propose a new remote sensing-based drought index, the Scaled Drought Condition Index (SDCI), for agricultural drought monitoring in both arid and humid regions using multi-sensor data. This index combines the land surface temperature (LST) data and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, and precipitation data from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. Each variable was scaled from 0 to 1 to discriminate the effect of drought from normal conditions, and then combined with the selected weights. When tested against in-situ Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Palmer's Z-Index (Z-Index), 3-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and 6-month SPI data during a ten-year (2000-2009) period, SDCI performed better than existing indices such as NDVI and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) in the arid region of Arizona and New Mexico as well as in the humid region of North Carolina and South Carolina. The year-to-year changes and spatial distributions of SDCI over both arid and humid regions generally agreed to the changes documented by the United States Drought Monitor (USDM) maps. 相似文献
15.
Won Tae Lee Jae Wook Lee Hyeon Yong Jang Seoung Jae Im SeGi Yu Jong Min Kim 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2001,9(1):35-40
A new protecting layer, a LaF3‐coated MgO layer, in color AC‐plasma‐display panels (PDPs) was studied in order to overcome the weakness of the conventional single MgO protecting layer. The material characteristics of the new layer were examined by using variations in the deposition process. The display characteristics were also examined by implementing their processes to actual PDPs. It was demonstrated that this method is effective in lowering the firing and sustaining voltages of PDPs and enhancing the brightness of the panel as well. 相似文献
16.
Young‐Sam Cho Seyoung Im 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2006,65(4):494-516
Two‐dimensional variable‐node elements compatible with quadratic interpolation are developed using the moving least‐square (MLS) approximation. The mapping from the parental domain to the physical element domain is implicitly obtained from MLS approximation, with the shape functions and their derivatives calculated and saved only at the numerical integration points. It is shown that the present MLS‐based variable‐node elements meet the patch test if a sufficiently large number of integration points are employed for numerical integration. The cantilever problem with non‐matching meshes is chosen to check the feasibility of the present MLS‐based variable‐node elements, and the result is compared with that from the lower‐order case compatible with linear interpolation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
C. H. Brown Elliott T. L. Credelle S. Han M. H. Im M. F. Higgins P. Higgins 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2003,11(1):89-98
Abstract— Color subpixel rendering is enhanced by co‐optimizing the color subpixel architecture and algorithms with respect to human vision. This has resulted in the PenTile? display technology, which provides double the information content per subpixel when compared to a conventional RGB Stripe display. Output performance results from mathematical modeling, software simulations, and prototype AMLCDs displays demonstrate significant quality improvements to both text and full‐color images in comparison to images from RGB Stripe displays that have the same number of subpixels and column drivers. 相似文献
18.
I. Karaman J. Robertson J.- -T. Im S. N. Mathaudhu K. T. Hartwig Z. P. Luo 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(1):247-256
In this study, gas-atomized amorphous Zr58.5Nb2.8Cu15.6Ni12.8Al10.3 (Vitreloy 106a) containing 1280 ppmw oxygen was consolidated by equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE). The powder was vacuum
encapsulated in copper cans and subjected to one extrusion pass in the temperature region above the glass transition temperature
(T
g) and below the crystallization temperature (T
x). The effects of extrusion temperature and the extrusion rate on microstructure, thermal stability, hardness, and compressive
strength are investigated. Compression fracture surfaces were examined to determine the deformation mechanisms. The consolidates
in which the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) boundary was not crossed during processing exhibit differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) patterns similar to the initial powder, with a slight decrease in T
x. Compressive strengths of about 1.6 GPa are recorded in the consolidates processed at 30 °C and 40 °C below T
x, which is close to what is observed in cast counterparts. The fracture surfaces exhibit vein patterns covering up to 90 pct
of the surface area in some samples, which are characteristic of glassy material fracture. The slight decrease in T
x after consolidation is attributed to thermal-history-dependent short-range order and formation of nanocrystalline islands.
The present results show that ECAE is successful in consolidation of metallic glass powder. This processing avenue opens a
new opportunity to fabricate bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with dimensions that may be impossible to achieve by casting methods. 相似文献
19.
O. Auciello S. Saha D.Y. Kaufman S.K. Streiffer W. Fan B. Kabius J. Im P. Baumann 《Journal of Electroceramics》2004,12(1-2):119-131
Thin films of Ba1?x Sr x Ti1+y O3+z (BST), were fabricated using both by RF-magnetron sputtering and MOCVD to demonstrate application to high frequency devices. Precise control of composition and microstructure is critical for the production of (Ba x Sr1?x )Ti1+y O3+z (BST) dielectric thin films with the large dependence of permittivity on electric field, low losses, and high electrical breakdown fields that are required for successful integration of BST into tunable high frequency devices. Here we review results on composition-microstructure-electrical property relationships of polycrystalline BST films produced by magnetron sputter deposition that are appropriate for microwave devices such as phase shifters. BST films with a multilayer structure were also developed with different Ti-elemental ratio in each layer to minimize losses and leakage current. Interfacial contamination from C and H species was studied and implications on electrical properties are highlighted. Finally, York's group at the University of California-Santa Barbara successfully integrated our BST films onto phase shifter arrays. The results show potential of BST films in such applications. Results from initial work on the integration of Cu-electrodes with BST films are also presented. 相似文献
20.