Automated Shaping of Punches for Deep Extrusion with Thinning

A mathematical procedure for finding the contact points of shaping arcs at the end of a punch is considered. Profiling of the conical upper section of a punch is discussed. A golden-section algorithm is proposed for determining an angle whose value cannot be determined analytically from the initial data.     

Effect of titanium–magnesium catalyst morphology on the properties of polypropylene upon propylene polymerization in a liquid monomer

The effect of the particle size of an IK-8-21 domestic titanium-magnesium catalyst on the properties of polypropylene (PP) produced during the polymerization of propylene in a liquid monomer is studied. Catalysts with particle sizes of 20 to 64 μm are shown to have high activity and identical sensitivity to hydrogen and allow PP to be obtained with a narrow distribution of particles over size, high isotacticity, and close values of crystallinity, melting temperature, and physicomechanical properties. A slight decrease in the activity and bulk density of PP powder is observed when the average size of catalyst particles is increased from 20 to 43 μm. A more notable reduction in the activity and bulk density of PP powder is observed for catalyst with particle sizes of 62 to 64 μm. IK-8-21 catalyst is not inferior to its foreign analogues with respect to the properties of the resulting PP.     

Structural Phase State and Thermal Cyclic Stability of the Thermal Barrier Zr–Si–O Coatings Deposited on a Copper Substrate by the Microplasma Method

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - In this work, preparation of thermal barrier coatings based on zirconium oxide is shown. The phased treatment of the copper substrate is...     

Questions of instrument accuracy for nonlinear dynamic systems

The formulation and methodology are considered for solving one class of problems in the field of accuracy research for an electromechanical chain of devices with parameters of nonlinear elements, changing the process of problem solving in the framework of one common formulation. Special attention is drawn to the approach to determining the stability of motion. An example is given in a sufficiently general statement of the problem with a deterministic and stochastic approach to its solution.     

Effective harvesting,detection, and conversion of IR radiation due to quantum dots with built-in charge

We analyze the effect of doping on photoelectron kinetics in quantum dot [QD] structures and find two strong effects of the built-in-dot charge. First, the built-in-dot charge enhances the infrared [IR] transitions in QD structures. This effect significantly increases electron coupling to IR radiation and improves harvesting of the IR power in QD solar cells. Second, the built-in charge creates potential barriers around dots, and these barriers strongly suppress capture processes for photocarriers of the same sign as the built-in-dot charge. The second effect exponentially increases the photoelectron lifetime in unipolar devices, such as IR photodetectors. In bipolar devices, such as solar cells, the solar radiation creates the built-in-dot charge that equates the electron and hole capture rates. By providing additional charge to QDs, the appropriate doping can significantly suppress the capture and recombination processes via QDs. These improvements of IR absorption and photocarrier kinetics radically increase the responsivity of IR photodetectors and photovoltaic efficiency of QD solar cells.     

Geoceramic Matrices for Immobilization of Nonpartitioned Radioactive Wastes

Immobilization of radioactive wastes (RW) containing large amounts of process alkalis in ceramic matrices based on acid and basic rocks is studied. Immobilizing characteristics of samples with an RW content of 15% are obtained. The best geoceramic matrices are characterized by the forward leaching rates with double-distilled water of 1 × 10^{- 4} and 1 × 10^{- 5} g cm^{- 2} day^{- 1} for Sr and Cs, respectively, and the steady-state leaching rate of about 2 × 10^{- 6} g cm^{- 2} day^{- 1}. Possible fixation mechanisms of the radionuclides in the matrices studied are discussed. Comparative analysis of properties of the geoceramic matrices and borosilicate and some other existing matrices for RW immobilization makes it possible to recommend some kinds of the geoceramics as matrices for immobilization of nonfractionated intermediate- and high-level radioactive wastes.     

Effect of terbium gallium garnet crystal orientation on the isolation ratio of a Faraday isolator at high average power

We present a comprehensive and systematic investigation of the fundamental physical limitations of Faraday isolation performance at high average powers that are due to thermally induced birefringence. First, the operation of various Faraday isolator designs by use of arbitrary orientation of cubic magneto-optic crystals is studied theoretically. It is shown that, for different Faraday isolator designs, different crystal orientations can optimize the isolation ratio. Second, thermo-optic and photoelastic constants for terbium gallium garnet crystals grown by different manufacturers were measured. Measurements of self-induced depolarization are made for various orientations of crystallographic axes. The measurements are in good agreement with our theoretical predictions. Based on our results, it is possible to select a crystal orientation that optimizes isolation performance at high average powers, resulting in a 5-dB enhancement over nonoptimized orientations.     

Reachability Sets of a Class of Multistep Control Processes: Their Design

An upper estimate and an iterative restriction algorithm for the reachability set for determining the optimal control for a class of multistep control processes are designed.     

Mechanism of free electron maser self-excitation using coupled propagating and trapped modes

A new scheme of feedback in a free-electron maser (FEM), which is based on the mutual scattering of propagating and quasi-cutoff (trapped) modes on a periodic Bragg structure, is considered. The trapped mode makes possible self-excitation of the system, while the energy exchange in a stationary generation regime is almost entirely determined by the interaction with a synchronous propagating wave. Using the proposed method, it is possible to improve mode selectivity with respect to the transverse index and accordingly decrease the working wavelength.