Effects of lipids obtained from the liver of marine animals on the immunologic status and hematologic indices of rats

The influence of lipids received from liver of king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) and liver of pollack on some indices of immunologic status of an organism and hematologic indices in rats was studied. The animals were divided into three groups in dependence from kind of lipid in diet: the control group received in the composition of lipid component of diet--lard and sunflower oil in the ratio 1:1, the second group--lard and lipid from pollack liver (1:1), the third group--lard and lipid from crabs liver (1:1). The differences of rations concerned their lipid component. The content of triglycerides in a liver of pollack compounded--73%, in a liver of crabs--50%, the content of phospholipids in a liver of pollack--12%, in a liver of crabs it is much more--20%; the total sun of omega-3 acids in the experimental group is practically identical: 23.8 and 23.1% accordingly. Some simulate influence of lipid from liver of crabs on the quantity of antibody forming cells of a spleen was noted. The tendency to decreasing of indices of humoral immunity was founded in rats, which received diet with lipid from liver of pollack. The decrease of the quantity of lymphocytes and the increase of the quantity of eosinophilic leukocytes in a peripheral blood of animals this group was noted in comparison with control and other experimental groups.     

Application of Mathematical Modeling to Determine the Thermoelastic Characteristics of Nano-Reinforced Composites

A two-level mathematical model is constructed to describe the thermomechanical interaction between structural elements of a composite (nanoclusters formed by randomly distributed anisotropic single-walled carbon nanotubes and matrix particles) and an isotropic medium possessing the desired thermoelastic characteristics. This model was first employed to obtain the thermoelastic properties of a nanocluster by the self-consistency method and then the same technique was used to describe the thermomechanical interaction of nanoclusters with an isotropic matrix of the composite. A comparative analysis of the calculated dependences for the elastic moduli of the composite and its thermal coefficient of linear expansion was carried out with two-sided estimates of these characteristics based on the dual variational formulation of the thermoelasticity problem. For comparison, the results of a numerical experiment are also used. The presented relationships make it possible to predict the thermoelastic properties of promising composites reinforced by nanoclusters.     

Morphologic changes in the urinary bladder of mice induced by metabolites of tryptophan and tyrosine

45-day-old 229 mice of lines C57Bl and CC57Br were injected subcutaneously water solutions of tryptophan and thyrosine metabolites 2.5 mg twice a week, the total dosage being 45-50 mg per mouse. For the control mice of the same line were taken. Within the period from 3.5 to 19 months following injection of the metabolites in the urinary bladder of animals, there were observed focal proliferates of the epithelium not infrequently with its atypism, and also lymphoid infiltration of submucous and muscle layers, reticulosarcomas, papillomas, precancerous conditions and cancer. The question of the importance of endogenous blastomogenic substances in the development of "spontaneous" tumors of the urinary bladder in man is discussed.     

Creep of graphite blocks under irradiation in RBMK reactors

Computer simulation of the stress–strain state of graphite blocks in prolonged thermal and neutron irradiation is considered, in a three-dimensional formulation. Allowance is made for the anisotropy of the graphite’s thermophysical properties, as well as crack initiation and growth. Creep of the material is taken into account, in the absence of plastic deformation, and its influence on the properties of the graphite blocks is assessed.     

Oriented In<Subscript>3–<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>S<Subscript>4</Subscript> films on the (100) surface of Si,GaAs, and InP single crystals

Spray pyrolysis of aqueous solutions, with thiourea as a sulfurizing agent, has been used to grow cubic indium sulfide films on single-crystal substrates: In_3–x S₄(111)/Si(100), In_3–x S₄(111)/GaAs(100), and In_3–x S₄(111)/InP(100). The lattice parameter a of the sulfide has been shown to increase with an increase in the lattice parameter of the substrate, whereas the film grown on GaAs has the highest lattice strain (as assessed from X-ray diffraction line broadening). The films have a constant phase composition and (111) texture, in contrast to films grown on glassy substrates by the same method.     

Semiinterpenetrating polymer networks based on polyurethane and polyvinylpyrrolidone. I. Thermodynamic state and dynamic mechanical analysis

Semiinterpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) based on polyurethane (PU) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) have been synthesized, and their thermodynamic characteristics, thermal properties, and dynamical mechanical properties have been studied to have an insight in their structure as a function of their composition. First, the free energies of mixing of the two polymers in semi‐IPNs based on crosslinked PU and PVP have been determined by the vapor sorption method. It was established that these constituent polymers are not miscible in the semi‐IPNs. The differential scanning calorimetry results evidence the T_g of polyurethane and two T_g for PVP. The dynamic mechanical behavior of the semi‐IPNs has been investigated and is in accordance with their thermal behavior. It was shown that the semi‐IPNs present three distinct relaxations. If the temperature position of PU maximum tan δ is invariable, on the contrary, the situation for the two maxima observed for PVP is more complex. Only the maximum of the highest temperature relaxation is shifted to lower temperature with changing of the semi‐IPNs composition. It was concluded that investigated semi‐IPNs are two‐phase systems with incomplete phase separation. The phase composition was calculated using viscoelastic properties. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 852–862, 2001     

Structure–property relationships in thermoplastic‐apparent interpenetrating polymer networks based on crystallizable polyurethane and styrene–acrylic acid copolymer

Structure–property relationships in thermoplastic‐apparent interpenetrating polymer networks (t‐AIPNs), prepared by mechanical blending in a common solvent of crystallizable polyurethane (CPU) and styrene/acrylic acid random copolymer (S/AA), were investigated by means of wide‐angle and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) techniques, dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS), and density, water uptake, deformation, and strength characteristics measurements. Several mechanical and dielectric relaxations of the pure components were characterized, and the effects thereupon induced by blending were followed. The two components show weak affinity to each other. The t‐AIPNs can be classified into two groups with high and low contents of CPU, showing essentially the behavior of CPU and of S/AA, respectively. On the other hand, deviations from additivity in several properties indicate interactions between the two components, caused by the formation of H‐bonds between their functional groups, and resulting in partial miscibility. In addition, significant changes are observed on some properties of the t‐AIPNs on addition of small amounts of either of the components. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 385–397, 1999     

Data on the structure and recognition properties of the template-selective binding sites in semi-IPN-based molecularly imprinted polymer membranes

Data on the structure and recognition properties of the template-selective binding sites in molecularly imprinted polymer membranes are presented. Porous molecularly imprinted polymer membranes based on semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN) were synthesized using the method of molecular imprinting in a combination with the method of computational modeling. Methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, and acrylamide were identified as optimal functional monomers for a model template — atrazine. Optimal ratios between atrazine and functional monomers as well as their binding energies were determined using the method of computational modeling and compared with the experimental data on the adsorbtion capability of porous molecularly imprinted polymer membranes. The factors influencing quality of the template-binding sites in MIP membranes (binding energy template-functional monomer and the number of functional groups taking part in the recognition of the template molecule) were revealed. The computational atrazine-selective membranes were capable of highly-selective and effective adsorbtion of atrazine from its 10^− 9–10^− 4 M aqueous solutions, and were characterized by high stability during prolonged storage. The apparent structure of the synthetic mimics of biological receptors to triazine herbicides was compared with the structure of their natural counterparts.