Variation in resistance of a nitrogen-enriched silicon layer as a result of the long-range effect of ion implantation

An improvement in the insulating properties of a synthesized silicon nitride layer under the influence of ion-beam treatment of the back surface of silicon wafer was detected. This result is consistent with the infrared-spectroscopy data obtained previously and is related to the long-range effect of ion implantation.     

Mikromechanische Eigenschaften von Weizenkörnern

The investigation of deformation and breakage behavior of wheat grains by compression test was carried out. The force‐displacement curve was obtained at stressing rate 0.02 mm s^–1. The elliptical wheat grains show quasi‐elastic and elastic‐plastic deformation behavior depending on applied force. The simple transformation procedure was applied to adapt the contact model for spherical particles to elliptic wheat grains. The breakage force, energy, strength and displacement distributions were fitted with normal distribution function.     

A comparative study of the chemical properties of element 120 and its homologs

The electronic structure and energetics were calculated for molecules of binary compounds of element 120 and its homologs with common elements strongly differing in chemical properties. The calculations were performed within the framework of the relativistic density functional theory using the model of precision two-component atomic core pseudopotentials. The results obtained show that all the examined compounds of element 120 should differ from the corresponding compounds of the known heavy metals of the second group (Sr-Ra) in lower strengths and larger lengths of chemical bonds. Therefore, one can suppose that element 120 will be, on the whole, more inert chemically than its nearest homologs.     

Experimental design for parameter estimation of two time-scale model of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in microalgae

A method for parameter estimation of two time-scale model of photosynthesis and photoinhibition is presented.     

Kombinierte Licht‐ und Radiowellenemission während des Bruches von Partikeln

The relationship between the light and radio impulses that appear during the stressing layers of glass particles was investigated. Particles were stressed between two metallic plates under applied high voltage. The emission of light appears during the development of the first cracks within the particle. The radio wave impulses were caused by electrical breakdown of a fragment layer. It appears after the light impulse. The delay between light and radio impulse of about a few micro seconds represents the characteristic time of size reduction.     

Determining the Granularity of Radiographic Films in Accordance with ISO 11699-1

Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing - One of the important properties of industrial radiographic films that determine the clarity of the resulting image is granularity. In the technical...     

INES – An Interface Between Experiments and Simulation to Support the Development of Robust Process Designs

The development of chemical processes is based on both experiments and process simulations. Data evaluation and reconciliation, model development and validation, and design of experiments are essential steps in this procedure. The different tools and approaches available are usually not supported in an integrated way in the process developer's workflow. Therefore, a framework for process design was created and integrated in a tool box which supports process design comprehensively. It contains methods for data selection and reconciliation, sensitivity analysis, model validation and model adjustment.     

Hydride Transfer: A Dominating Reaction of Ozone with Tertiary Butanol and Formate Ion in Aqueous Solution

This article provides evidences that hydride transfer is an important primary step in ozone reactions of formate and tertiary butanol in aqueous media. In both systems, one argument is the fact that the free hydroxyl radical yields are relative low ((40 ± 4)% and (7 ± 0.8)% for formate and tertiary butanol, respectively). Another hint is the high exergonicity of these reactions: ΔG = –249 kJ mol^?1 for formate/ozone system and ΔG = –114 kJ mol^?1 for hydride transfer followed by a methyl shift in the reaction between tertiary butanol and ozone. In addition, the main product of tertiary butanol ozonolysis is butan-2-one [(89 ± 3)%], a compound that is formed only via hydride transfer. For the reaction of ozone with formate an activation energy of (54.6 ± 1.2) kJ mol^?1 and a pre-exponential term of (2.5 ± 1.2) × 10¹¹ were determined (in the presence of tertiary butanol as ^?OH scavenger) whereas for tertiary butanol the two activation parameters were (68.7 ± 1.9) kJ mol^?1 and (2.0 ± 1.5) × 10⁹, respectively.     

Untersuchung des Prall‐ und Druckverhaltens feuchter γ‐Al2O3‐Granulate

The material behavior of dominant elastic‐plastic γ‐Al₂O₃ granules has been experimentally studied by means of quasi static compression tests and dynamic impact tests until fracture. The obtained distributions of breakage velocity and specific breakage energy are compared. Thus, velocity‐dependent influences at stressing like viscous behaviour can be derived. Additionally, the influence of particle size and moisture content are investigated.     

Silicon nanoprofiling with the use of a solid aluminum oxide mask and combined “dry” etching

Technological features of nanoprofiling of silicon protected by a solid mask based on porous aluminum oxide are considered. It is shown that, for a nanoprofiled silicon surface to be formed, it is advisable that combined dry etching be used including preliminary bombardment of structures with accelerated neutral atoms of an inert gas followed by reactive ion etching.