Fatty chain compositon of ether and ester glycerophospholipids in the Japanese oysterCrassostrea gigas (Thunberg)

The fatty chain compositions of 1-O-alk-1′-enyl-2-acyl, 1-0-alkyl-2-acyl, and 1,2-diacyl glycerophospholipids of the Japanese oysterCrassostrea gigas (Thunberg) were investigated. Major fatty chains in thesn-1 position of 1-alk-1′-enyl-2-acyl ethanolamine phospholipids (EPL) were 18∶0 (64.7%) and 20∶1 (11.1%). Majorsn-1 chains of alkenylacyl choline phospholipids (CPL) were 18∶0 (63.3%) and 16∶0 (22.2%). In the case of 1-alkyl-2-acyl EPL, the predominant fatty chains in thesn-1 position were 18∶0 (51.5%), 16∶0 (16.0%) and 20∶1 (12.5%); in the case of 1-alkyl-2-acyl CPL, the majorsn-1 chains were 16∶0 (44.0%) and 14∶0 (23.4%). Saturated fatty chains were predominant in both EPL and CPL. Prominent fatty acids in thesn-2 position of the alkenylacyl EPL were 22∶6n−3 (29.0%), 20∶5n−3 (19.0%) and 22∶2 NMID (non-methylene interrupted dienes, 16.6%) contributing to about 65% of the total fatty acids, while alkenylacyl CPL was rich in the saturated acids 16∶0 (32.0%) and 18∶0 (9.2%). In the alkylacyl EPL, 16∶0, 18∶1n−9, 18∶0 and 16∶1n−7 were prominentsn-2 fatty acids and accounted for 30.6%, 10.0%, 9.8%, and 8.3%, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were detected, but were present at extremely low percentages. Majorsn-2 fatty acids in alkylacyl CPL were 16∶0 (25.4%), 22∶6n−3 (16.0%) and 20∶5n−3 (8.4%). The major fatty acids of diacyl EPL were 20∶5n−3 (22.3%), 16∶0 (17.9%), and 18∶0 (16.1%), and those of diacyl CPL were 16∶0 (30.4%), 20∶5n−3 (17.6%) and 18∶1n−7 (7.4%).     

Binary blends of nylons with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers: Morphological,thermal, rheological,and mechanical behavior

Binary blends of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers, containing 62 (EVOH-62) and 71 (EVOH-71) mole percent vinyl alcohols, with nylons (nylon-6, nylon-6/12, and nylon-12) have been prepared from melt mixing in a twin screw compounding machine. Morphological, thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties were determined. EVOH-62/nylon-6 and EVOH-71/nylon-6 blends showed homogeneous phase morphologies in the nylon-6-rich region, and fine phase separations (c.a. 2 × 10^?7 m) in the EVOH-rich region. Melting point depression, positive deviations in viscosity and flexural modulus, and negative deviation in impact strength from the simple additive rule were generally observed. And the results were possibly interpreted in terms of compatibility and increased nylon/EVOH interactions over the nylon/nylon interactions. On the contrary, clean phase separations in large domains were observed from EVOH-71/nylon-6/12 and EVOH-71 /nylon-12 blends. Fibrillation was also obtained from EVOH rich blends. Probably due to the incompatible nature of these blends, yield at low rate of shear and a mechanical property drop were also observed.     

Streaming Media and Multimedia Conferencing Traffic Analysis Using Payload Examination

This paper presents a method and architecture to analyze streaming media and multimedia conferencing traffic. Our method is based on detecting the transport protocol and port numbers that are dynamically assigned during the setup between communicating parties. We then apply such information to analyze traffic generated by the most popular streaming media and multimedia conferencing applications, namely, Windows Media, Real Networks, QuickTime, SIP and H.323. We also describe a prototype implementation of a traffic monitoring and analysis system that uses our method and architecture.     

A sub-space method to detect multiple wireless microphone signals in TV band white space

The main hurdle in the realization of dynamic spectrum access systems from the physical layer perspective is the reliable sensing of low power licensed users. One such scenario shows up in the unlicensed use of the TV bands where the TV band devices are required to sense extremely low power wireless microphones (WMs). The lack of technical standards among various wireless manufacturers and the resemblance of certain WM signals to narrow-band interference signals, such as spurious emissions, further aggravate the problem. Due to these uncertainties, it is extremely difficult to abstract the features of WM signals and hence develop robust sensing algorithms. To partly counter these challenges, we develop a two-stage sub-space algorithm that detects multiple narrow-band analog frequency-modulated signals generated by WMs. The performance of the algorithm is verified by using the real WM signals experimentally captured under low SNR conditions. The problem of differentiating between the WM and other narrow-band signals is left as future work.     

Design and Architecture of Low‐Latency High‐Speed Turbo Decoders

In this paper, we propose and present implementation results of a high‐speed turbo decoding algorithm. The latency caused by (de)interleaving and iterative decoding in a conventional maximum a posteriori turbo decoder can be dramatically reduced with the proposed design. The source of the latency reduction is from the combination of the radix‐4, center to top, parallel decoding, and early‐stop algorithms. This reduced latency enables the use of the turbo decoder as a forward error correction scheme in real‐time wireless communication services. The proposed scheme results in a slight degradation in bit error rate performance for large block sizes because the effective interleaver size in a radix‐4 implementation is reduced to half, relative to the conventional method. To prove the latency reduction, we implemented the proposed scheme on a field‐programmable gate array and compared its decoding speed with that of a conventional decoder. The results show an improvement of at least five fold for a single iteration of turbo decoding.     

Highly Crystalline Soluble Acene Crystal Arrays for Organic Transistors: Mechanism of Crystal Growth During Dip‐Coating

The preparation of uniform large‐area highly crystalline organic semiconductor thin films that show outstanding carrier mobilities remains a challenge in the field of organic electronics, including organic field‐effect transistors. Quantitative control over the drying speed during dip‐coating permits optimization of the organic semiconductor film formation, although the kinetics of crystallization at the air–solution–substrate contact line are still not well understood. Here, we report the facile one‐step growth of self‐aligning, highly crystalline soluble acene crystal arrays that exhibit excellent field‐effect mobilities (up to 1.5 cm V^?1 s^?1) via an optimized dip‐coating process. We discover that optimized acene crystals grew at a particular substrate lifting‐rate in the presence of low boiling point solvents, such as dichloromethane (b.p. of 40.0 °C) or chloroform (b.p. of 60.4 °C). Variable‐temperature dip‐coating experiments using various solvents and lift rates are performed to elucidate the crystallization behavior. This bottom‐up study of soluble acene crystal growth during dip‐coating provides conditions under which one may obtain uniform organic semiconductor crystal arrays with high crystallinity and mobilities over large substrate areas, regardless of the substrate geometry (wafer substrates or cylinder‐shaped substrates).     

Does Multitasking Increase or Decrease Persuasion? Effects of Multitasking on Comprehension and Counterarguing

This study examined the effects of multitasking on persuasion, including comprehension and counterarguing of persuasive messages, which were presented in three different contexts: (a) nonmultitasking with full attention paid to the message, (b) multitasking with primary attention paid to the message, and (c) multitasking with secondary attention paid to the message. Consistent with predictions, the results suggested that multitasking reduced the actual and perceived levels of comprehension and also reduced counterarguing. The implications for research on persuasion are further discussed.     

Selective Photothermal Tumor Therapy Using Nanodiamond‐Based Nanoclusters with Folic Acid

This paper describes the fabrication and evaluation of folic acid (FA)‐conjugated nanodiamond (ND) nanoclusters for selective photothermal tumor therapy. ND nanoclusters with surface carboxyl groups are aminated using ethylenediamine and conjugated with FA via carbodiimide chemistry. The temperature of an aqueous ND dispersion (10 μg mL^?1) is increased to 54 °C upon laser exposure for 5 min. FA‐ND nanoclusters are preferentially taken up by KB cells (folate receptor positive) compared to WI‐38 (folate receptor negative) cells, suggesting specificity for tumor cells that overexpress folate receptors. Cell viability tests reveal that FA‐ND nanoclusters effectively and selectively ablate KB cells upon near‐infrared (NIR) laser exposure. In addition, fluorescence microscopy images confirm that only KB cells treated with FA‐ND nanoclusters are ablated in a spot (200 μm in diameter) by NIR laser exposure. In an animal model, a large amount of FA‐ND nanoclusters is accumulated into tumor tissue, resulting in dramatically reduced tumor volume post‐NIR laser exposure as compared to ND nanoclusters.     

A Video Streaming System for Mobile Phones: Practice and Experience

This paper presents a case of video streaming system for mobile phone which has actually been implemented and deployed for commercial services in CDMA2000 1X cellular phone networks. As the computing environment and the network connection of cellular phones are significantly different from the wired desktop environment, the traditional desktop streaming method is not applicable. Therefore, a new architecture is required to suit the successfully streaming in the mobile phone environment. We have developed a very lightweight video player for use in mobile phone and the related authoring tool for the player. The streaming server has carefully been designed to provide high efficiency, reliability and scalability. Based on a specifically-designed suite of streaming protocol, the server employs an adaptive rate control mechanism which transmits the media packets appropriately into the network according to the change in network bandwidth.Hojung Cha is currently a professor in computer science at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. His research interests include multimedia computing system, multimedia communication networks, wireless and mobile communication systems and embedded system software. He received his B.S. and M.S. in computer engineering from Seoul National University, Korea, in 1985 and 1987, respectively. He received his Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Manchester, England, in 1991.Jongmin Lee is a Ph.D. candidiate in computer science at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. His research interests include wireless multimedia system, QoS architecture, multimedia communication networks. He received his B.S. and M.S. in computer science from Kwangwoon University in 1999 and 2001, respectively.Jongho Nang is a professor in the Department of Computer Science at Sogang University. He received his B.S. degree from Sogang University, Korea, in 1986 and M.S. and Ph.D. degree from KAIST, in 1988 and in 1992, respectively. His research interests are in the field of multimedia systems, digital video library, and Internet technologies. He is a member of KISS, ACM, and IEEE.Sung-Yong Park is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science at Sogang University, Seoul, Korea. He received his B.S. degree in computer science from Sogang University, and both the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in computer science from Syracuse University. From 1987 to 1992, he worked for LG Electronics, Korea, as a research engineer. From 1998 to 1999, he was a research scientist at Telcordia Technologies (formerly Bellcore) where he developed network management software for optical switches. His research interests include high performance distributed computing and systems, operating systems, and multimedia.Jin-Hwan Jeong received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in computer science from Korea University, Seoul, Korea, in 1997, and 1999, respectively. He is currently in Ph.D. course at Korea University. His research interests include video processing for thin devices, multimedia streaming and operating systems.Chuck Yoo received the B.S. degree in electronics engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea and the M.S. and Ph.D. in computer science in University of Michigan. He worked as a researcher in Sun Microsystems Lab. from 1990 to 1995. He joined the Computer Science and Enginnering Department, Korea University, Seoul, Korea in 1995, where he is currently a professor. His research interests include high performance network, multimedia streaming, and operating systems.Jin-Young Choi received the B.S. degree from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, in 1982, the M.S. degree from Drexel University in 1986, and the Ph.D. degree from University of Pennsylvania, in 1993. He is currently a professor of Computer Science and Engineering Department, Korea University, Seoul, Korea. His current research interests are in real-time computing, formal methods, programming languages, process algebras, security, software engineering, and protocol engineering.     

A high-yield fabrication process for silicon neural probes

There is a great need for silicon microelectrodes that can simultaneously monitor the activity of many neurons in the brain. However, one of the existing processes for fabricating silicon microelectrodes-reactive-ion etching in combination with anisotropic KOH etching-breaks down at the wet-etching step for device release. Here we describe a modified wet-etching sidewall-protection technique for the high-yield fabrication of well-defined silicon probe structures, using a Teflon shield and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) silicon nitride. In the proposed method, a micro-tab holds each individual probe to the central scaffold, allowing uniform anisotropic KOH etching. Using this approach, we obtained a well-defined probe structure without device loss during the wet-etching process. This simple method yielded more accurate fabrication and an improved mechanical profile.