Discrete GWO Optimized Data Aggregation for Reducing Transmission Rate in IoT

The conventional hospital environment is transformed into digital transformation that focuses on patient centric remote approach through advanced technologies. Early diagnosis of many diseases will improve the patient life. The cost of health care systems is reduced due to the use of advanced technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Embedded systems, Deep learning approaches and Optimization and aggregation methods. The data generated through these technologies will demand the bandwidth, data rate, latency of the network. In this proposed work, efficient discrete grey wolf optimization (DGWO) based data aggregation scheme using Elliptic curve Elgamal with Message Authentication code (ECEMAC) has been used to aggregate the parameters generated from the wearable sensor devices of the patient. The nodes that are far away from edge node will forward the data to its neighbor cluster head using DGWO. Aggregation scheme will reduce the number of transmissions over the network. The aggregated data are preprocessed at edge node to remove the noise for better diagnosis. Edge node will reduce the overhead of cloud server. The aggregated data are forward to cloud server for central storage and diagnosis. This proposed smart diagnosis will reduce the transmission cost through aggregation scheme which will reduce the energy of the system. Energy cost for proposed system for 300 nodes is 0.34μJ. Various energy cost of existing approaches such as secure privacy preserving data aggregation scheme (SPPDA), concealed data aggregation scheme for multiple application (CDAMA) and secure aggregation scheme (ASAS) are 1.3 μJ, 0.81 μJ and 0.51 μJ respectively. The optimization approaches and encryption method will ensure the data privacy.     

Development of porous defects in plasma membranes of adenosine triphosphate-depleted Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and its inhibition by glycine

Studies during the past decade have led to the recognition of a fundamental, widely expressed mechanism of structural damage in energy-deprived cells, which is suppressed by physiologic levels of glycine and is independent of Ca2+ availability or alterations of cytosolic free Ca2+. To gain insight into this process, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were depleted of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by a mitochondrial uncoupler in glucose-free medium, and intracellular free Ca2+ was clamped at 100 nM to avoid calcium cytotoxicity. Although the ATP-depleted cells swelled and blebbed and their plasma membranes appeared to be under tension, they nevertheless became permeable to macromolecules. The plasma membranes of these cells retained structural continuity, as determined by morphologic observations, and confocal microscopy of a plasma membrane protein label (Biotin: Ultra Avidin-Texas Red) and a lipid label (NBD-sphingomyelin). Using fluoresceinated dextrans of graded molecular size, membrane permselectivity was examined noninvasively by confocal microscopy. Measured as inside/outside ratios of fluorescence intensity, the permeability indices showed progressively greater restriction to diffusion of increasingly larger dextran molecules across plasma membranes, with sharp break-points between 70,000 and 145,000 daltons (d). The results indicated that the membranes behaved as if they were perforated by water-filled channels or "pores," with size-exclusion limits of molecular dimensions. The membrane defects evolved from small pores permeable only to propidium iodide (668 d) and the smallest dextran (4,000 d), before enlarging with time to become permeable to larger dextrans. Inclusion of glycine during ATP depletion did not affect cell swelling or blebbing but completely prevented the development of permeability defects. Treatment of cells before ATP depletion with a membrane-impermeant homobifunctional "nearest neighbor" cross-linking agent, 3,3' dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidylpropionate), suppressed the development of permeability defects, even in the absence of glycine. These observations suggest that the cellular abnormality that is suppressed by glycine involves rearrangement of plasma membrane proteins to form water-filled pores large enough to leak macromolecules.     

Conducting Psychological Research in Medical Settings: Challenges, Limitations, and Recommendations for Effectiveness Research.

Efficacy research is insufficient and ineffective in changing practice, despite a large supporting psychotherapy efficacy literature. Concurrently, demand for supporting data and the burden on everyday practice for generating these data is increasing. The disconnect between efficacy and effectiveness is due to a lack of conceptual and methodological tools for testing efficacious procedures in real-world settings, particularly medical contexts. This article articulates the position that effectiveness studies pose more complex questions that require an alteration of conceptual and methodological frames of reference in order to make behavioral services available to the broadest patient base. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Smart Edge Computing for 5 g/6 g Satellite IOT for Reducing Inter Transmission Delay

Mobile Networks and Applications - 5G/6G communication are first generation high speed wireless communication network which integrates the aerial data, terrestrial data and maritime data via...     

A parabolic reflector with asymmetric low sidelobes

A technique for generating low sidelobes on one side of the main lobe for a parabolic reflector antenna is presented. The reflector system that generates such an asymmetric sidelobe pattern consists of a central parabola with two sections of offset parabolas situated at the top and bottom of the central parabola. By adjusting the positions and dimensions of the side reflectors, considerable suppression of the first few sidelobes can be obtained. Further, by similar adjustments it is possible to achieve suppression of sidelobes on both sides of the main beam, though this suppression is relatively less. The technique, though explained in detail with reference to a cylindrical geometry, is extended for a paraboloid of revolution. The analysis program utilized for the optimization of the side reflectors is based on physical optics current integration.     

Two 1-Server n-Unit Systems with Preventive Maintenance and Repair

This paper deals with the availability and reliability analysis of two different 1-server n-unit systems with preventive maintenance and repair. Initially, one unit operates and the remaining n - 1 units are kept as cold standbys. In the first system the time to failure and the time to preventive maintenance of a unit are arbitrarily distributed. In the second system, each unit consists of 2 components connected in series. When a unit fails, the failed component is taken up for repair while the other waits for preventive maintenance. Explicit expressions for the Laplace transform of the mean down-time of the system in [0, t] and for the mean time to system failure are obtained. Steady-state availability of the system is also discussed. A few special cases have been studied.     

Improving the mechanical properties of 2024 Al alloy by cryo rolling

Ultra fine grained (1 micron size) materials usually exhibit more strength. Most of the approaches to refine microstructure lead to decrease in ductility. Cryo rolling is a successful technique; samples are rolled at cryogenic temperature, to improve strength of an age hardenable alloy with minimum loss in ductility. Aging after cryo rolling ensures good strength and ductility due to bimodal structure and nano sized precipitation of S’ phase. Al 2024 alloy are partially solutionised to retain some T-phase particles, which are very effective in accumulating dislocations during cryo-rolling, and in turn promoted the precipitation of Al₂CuMg precipitates with a size of 10–40 nm. The nano sized Al₂CuMg precipitates and bimodal grain structure leads to simultaneous increases in strength and ductility.     

Dielectric and conductivity studies on cobalt phthalocyanine tetramers

Electrically conductive organic and metalloorganic polymers are of great interest and they have applications in electronic, optical, photonic, photoelectric, electrochemical, and dielectric devices. Tetrameric cobalt phthalocyanine was prepared by conventional chemical method. The dielectric permittivity of the tetrameric cobalt phthalocyanine sample was evaluated from the observed capacitance values in the frequency range 100 KHz to 5 MHz and in the temperature range of 300 to 383°K. It is found that the system obeys the Maxwell Wagner relaxation of space charge phenomenon. Further, from the permittivity studies AC conductivity was evaluated. The values of AC conductivity and DC conductivity were compared. Activation energy was calculated. To understand the conduction mechanism Mott's variable range hopping model was applied to the system. The T^?1/4 behavior of the DC conductivity along with the values of Mott's Temperature (T₀), density of states at the Fermi energy N (E_F), and range of hopping R and hopping energy W indicate that the transport of charge carriers are by three‐dimensional variable range hopping. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2529–2535, 2004     

Synthesis and evaluation of trimethylolpropane triacrylate crosslinked superabsorbent polymers for conserving water and fertilizers

A series of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) were synthesized by free radical thermal copolymerization of acrylic acid and N‐isopropyl acrylamide monomers using trimethylolpropane triacrylate as crosslinker. They were characterized by FT‐IR and thermal stability (TGA/DTG), and evaluated for their water and fertilizer uptake and release characteristics under different crosslinker levels, temperature, pressure, and pH. The observed maximum absorption of water by the SAP was 1130 g/g of polymer. The release was modeled which showed a non‐Fickian mechanism. The water uptake of SAP was correlated with the average molecular weight between the crosslinks and crosslink density. Analysis of the weight loss data from TG in air revealed a zero order kinetics for the initial degradation step with an activation energy (AE) of 70.8 kJ/mol. The AEs for water uptake and release for thermal degradation were also determined through Arrhenius plots. The results inferred that the synthesized SAP can be exploited for commercial agricultural applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013