Prevalence and risk factors for Bacillus cereus in raw milk in Inner Mongolia,Northern China

The prevalence of Bacillus cereus in raw milk from dairy herds in Inner Mongolia and associated risk factors were determined. In total, 160 raw milk samples collected from 2014 to 2015 and examined by culture methods to isolate B. cereus. Fifty‐five samples (34.38%) were positive. The prevalence of B. cereus in raw milk was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in winter (15%) than in summer (50%). The highest prevalence of B. cereus in raw milk was seen in samples collected from small‐ to medium‐sized dairy herds in summer. The results of this study indicated that B. cereus could be a common pathogen in Inner Mongolia because of its high prevalence. It is essential for dairy farmers and producers to strengthen hygienic practices in summer to control B. cereus contamination in raw milk. These results will be useful in establishing proper management procedures to reduce the prevalence of B. cereus in raw milk.     

新疆某大型铁矿伴生金锌的综合回收试验研究

为了综合回收新疆某大型铁矿伴生的有益元素金和锌,对具有代表性的矿石进行了矿石性质研究,查明了矿石中金矿物、锌矿物和铁矿物的赋存状态、嵌布粒度及它们与有益有害元素的共生关系。根据矿石性质,制定了优先浮选金矿物,金浮选尾矿经硫酸铜活化后浮选闪锌矿,锌浮选尾矿磁选铁的工艺流程。金浮选通过两段粗选两段精选获得金精矿金品位27.38×10~(-6),金回收率52.65%;锌浮选通过一段粗选两段扫选,锌粗精矿再磨至-0.037 mm 85%精选四段,获得锌精矿锌品位49.53%,锌回收率81.21%;锌浮选尾矿磁选回收铁,通过一段粗选一段精选,获得铁精矿铁品位65.55%,铁回收率84.71%。     

串联质谱法检测洋葱中36种例行监测农药及其基质效应的探讨

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)同时测定洋葱中36种例行监测农药残留的方法。样品经过乙腈提取,异丙基键合硅胶+石墨化炭黑(NH2/Carbon)复合固相萃取小柱净化,以串联质谱作为检测器,多反应监测(MRM)模式进行测定。农药在0.020 mg/kg的添加水平时,采用基质后加标制定标准曲线校正,除甲胺磷、敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷、氧乐果外,农药的回收率为73.4%～110.0%,RSD(n=5)为2.8%～11.7%,检出限为0.2～11.1μg/kg。同时探讨了36种农药通过串联质谱法检测的基质效应情况,结果表明采用三种不同方式配制标准溶液,标准曲线斜率大小顺序为:洋葱基质后加标>洋葱基质前加标>试剂标样(正己烷:丙酮(9+1))。采用基质后加标,能节省标样配制时间,同时克服基质效应对校正结果的影响。     

氨精馏塔腐蚀失效原因分析

某炼油厂污水汽提装置氨精馏塔发生腐蚀失效,在塔的上部存在严重的冲刷腐蚀沟槽区和点蚀区,沟槽区局部腐蚀减薄穿孔,点蚀区塔壁最薄为10．73ram（最厚14．23mm）。文章从宏观腐蚀形貌、腐蚀介质、材质化学成分、金相显微观察等方面分析了腐蚀发生的原因。腐蚀主要是由塔内冷凝液的酸腐蚀和垢下腐蚀、N}{4HS的冲刷腐蚀、湿硫化氢环境下的氢损伤造成的。因此,可以采取以下预防腐蚀的措施：选用抗HIC钢板;将塔的中间冷却器改到塔外,同时控制原料中H2S质量浓度不超过设计指标3mg/L,其它杂质含量及塔污水中N｜14HS质量分数浓度不大于2％以及其他杂质含量不超标。腐蚀监控应增加塔体的定点测厚布点,并扩大腐蚀监控范围,预防相近部位腐蚀的发生。     

石灰竖窑用型煤替代混煤的煅烧研究

节能石灰竖窑采用混煤作为煅烧燃料,针对其损失多、热损大、透气性差、产量低等情况,公司决定尝试使用型煤替代混煤作为燃料煅烧石灰,并取得了较好效果。     

二维间隙函数薄油膜润滑的一种数值计算方法

提出了一种间隙函数是二维变化的薄油膜润滑数值计算方法,通过该方法计算了平行平板中凸起物对油膜压力分布的影响,结果表明：当宽径比为0.5～1.5并对滑动轴承进行动压计算时,把间隙函数考虑为一维函数会造成一定的误差。     

输尿管开口囊肿、狭窄及膀胱颈部挛缩的HO:YAG激光治疗

目的利用HOYAG激光的软组织切割及止血作用,对输尿管开口囊肿、狭窄及膀胱颈部挛缩的患者行激光治疗,并观察疗效.方法采用HOYAG激光对6例输尿管开口囊肿,15例输尿管开口狭窄(其中3例合并输尿管结石),32例膀胱颈部挛缩进行治疗,观察术中出血、术后并发症、膀胱挛缩患者手术前后Qmax.结果总计53例患者通过HOYAG激光治疗,均获得满意临床疗效,术中几乎无出血,输尿管开口囊肿及狭窄患者,术毕能顺利留置F7双猪尾巴导管.膀胱颈部挛缩患者术后最大尿流率提高了7.6ml/s(7.2～14.8ml/s).结论HO;YAG激光对输尿管开口囊肿、狭窄及膀胱颈部挛缩是一种行之有效的治疗方法,且无出血,易于操作、安全、恢复快.尤其是输尿管结石合并输尿管开口狭窄患者,可通过HOYAG激光一次手术解决.     

Nanoflake Arrays of Lithiophilic Metal Oxides for the Ultra‐Stable Anodes of Lithium‐Metal Batteries

A molten lithium infusion strategy has been proposed to prepare stable Li‐metal anodes to overcome the serious issues associated with dendrite formation and infinite volume change during cycling of lithium‐metal batteries. Stable host materials with superior wettability of molten Li are the prerequisite. Here, it is demonstrated that a series of strong oxidizing metal oxides, including MnO₂, Co₃O₄, and SnO₂, show superior lithiophilicity due to their high chemical reactivity with Li. Composite lithium‐metal anodes fabricated via melt infusion of lithium into graphene foams decorated by these metal oxide nanoflake arrays successfully control the formation and growth of Li dendrites and alleviate volume change during cycling. A resulting Li‐Mn/graphene composite anode demonstrates a super‐long and stable lifetime for repeated Li plating/stripping of 800 cycles at 1 mA cm^?2 without voltage fluctuation, which is eight times longer than the normal lifespan of a bare Li foil under the same conditions. Furthermore, excellent rate capability and cyclability are realized in full‐cell batteries with Li‐Mn/graphene composite anodes and LiCoO₂ cathodes. These results show a major advancement in developing a stable Li anode for lithium‐metal batteries.     

苏里格气田西部S48区气水分布特征

苏里格气田西部盒8段、山1段为主力产层,气水关系十分复杂,投产气井大多存在不同程度产水现象,严重影响了气井正常生产和产能评价部署。基于试气、动态监测资料,分析苏里格气田西部S48区产水气井和不产水气井生产曲线特征的差异性,将生产井划分为3种类型,即试气和生产中均无水型、试气无水但生产中出水型、试气和生产中均出水型,进而以生产动态资料和试气资料作为约束,分析出水井出水部位所对应的测井曲线特征。结果表明：试气无水但生产中出水井,若测井含气响应良好,试气结论为气层,生产出水的水源多为产层上下围岩中的地层水,若测井响应较差,试气结论为含气层,则生产出水的水源多为产层内的毛细管水;试气和生产中均出水型井,测井解释、试气结论多为气水同层,生产出水的水源多为产层内的自由水;将测井资料结合试气、生产资料综合分析,有利于判断气层、水层;含气层与气水同层测井响应特征相似,在电阻率-声波时差交会图中均分布于气层区、干层区、水层区之间的过渡区域。根据气藏中气层、含气层、气水同层、干层、水层的纵向配置关系,将气水分布纵向特征划分为5种类型,即纯气型、上气下水型、上干/水下气型、气水共存型、气层与干/水层间互型,并针对不同类型的气水分布,分别提出了工程改造措施。     

大型公共建筑群塔安装与作业施工技术

国家会议中心工程具有结构复杂、建筑面积大、钢结构与混凝土结构相结合、钢结构单构件重量大、模板数量多、建筑高等特点,因此结构施工期间塔吊的布置与使用直接关系到工程的安全、质量、工期的实施。本工程结构施工期间共计采用塔吊11台,大多数塔臂相互交叉。为确保塔吊安全运行,施工中通过对群塔进行严格的高差控制、合理安排塔位顶升顺序,合理设计塔间距离,加强运行安全管理措施,确保了整个工程的施工。