IA机群节点内并行编程模式性能分析

该文分析了IA机群节点内并行应用性能的影响因素,深入研究编程模式对性能影响的机理,并指出Cache命中率是最显著的影响因素。     

Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite with Controlled Dopant Modification and Application in Photovoltaic Device

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite as a kind of promising photovoltaic material is booming due to its low‐cost, high defect tolerance, and easy fabrication, which result in the huge potential in industrial production. In the pursuit of high efficiency photovoltaic devices, high‐quality absorbing layer is essential. Therefore, developing organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite thin films with good coverage, improved uniformity, and crystalline in a single pass deposition is of great concern in realizing good performance of perovskite thin‐film solar cell. Here, it is found that the introduction of suitable amounts of LiI plays a dramatically positive role in enlarging the grain size and reducing the grain boundaries of absorbing layer. In addition, the carrier lifetime and built‐in potential of the LiI doped perovskite device are observed to increase. Thus, it leads to about 15% gain in solar cell efficiency comparing to that without the LiI doping. Meanwhile, a hysteresis reduction is observed and 18.16% power conversion efficiency is achieved in LiI doped perovskite device, as well.     

Metal-Free Halide Perovskite Single Crystals with Very Long Charge Lifetimes for Efficient X-ray Imaging

Metal-free halide perovskites, as a specific category of the perovskite family, have recently emerged as novel semiconductors for organic ferroelectrics and promise the wide chemical diversity of the ABX₃ perovskite structure with mechanical flexibility, light weight, and eco-friendly processing. However, after the initial discovery 17 years ago, there has been no experimental information about their charge transport properties and only one brief mention of their optoelectronic properties. Here, growth of large single crystals of metal-free halide perovskite DABCO-NH₄Br₃ (DABCO = N-N′-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium) is reported together with characterization of their instrinsic optical and electronic properties and demonstration, of metal-free halide perovskite optoelectronics. The results reveal that the crystals have an unusually large semigap of ≈16 eV and a specific band nature with the valence band maximum and the conduction band minimum mainly dominated by the halide and DABCO²⁺, respectively. The unusually large semigap rationalizes extremely long lifetimes approaching the millisecond regime, leading to very high charge diffusion lengths (tens of μm). The crystals also exhibit high X-ray attenuation as well as being lightweight. All these properties translate to high-performance X-ray imaging with sensitivity up to 173 μC Gy_air⁻¹ cm⁻². This makes metal-free perovskites novel candidates for the next generation of optoelectronics.     

Record Efficiency Stable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cell Using Effective Additive Assistant Strategy

Even though the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of rigid perovskite solar cells is increased to 22.7%, the PCE of flexible perovskite solar cells (F‐PSCs) is still lower. Here, a novel dimethyl sulfide (DS) additive is developed to effectively improve the performance of the F‐PSCs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals that the DS additive reacts with Pb²⁺ to form a chelated intermediate, which significantly slows down the crystallization rate, leading to large grain size and good crystallinity for the resultant perovskite film. In fact, the trap density of the perovskite film prepared using the DS additive is reduced by an order of magnitude compared to the one without it, demonstrating that the additive effectively retards transformation kinetics during the thin film formation process. As a result, the PCE of the flexible devices increases to 18.40%, with good mechanical tolerance, the highest reported so far for the F‐PSCs. Meanwhile, the environmental stability of the F‐PSCs significantly enhances by 1.72 times compared to the device without the additive, likely due to the large grain size that suppresses perovskite degradation at grain boundaries. The present strategy will help guide development of high efficiency F‐PSCs for practical applications.     

Cu模吸铸法制备Cu-基块体非晶合金

采用磁悬浮熔炼和Cu模吸铸工艺成功制备了圆棒Cu50Zr42Al8块体非晶合金，试样表面平滑且具有典型的金属光泽。试验制备的圆棒Cu50Zr42Al8块体非晶合金的直径尺寸小于Ф5mm，该成分的块体非晶合金具有较强的非晶形成能力，其玻璃转变温度Tg=723K，晶化温度t=773K，过冷度△T=50K，约化玻璃转变温度Trg=0.753。     

遗传支持向量机在股市趋向的预测

为了能够提高股市趋向的预测效率,深入地研究了支持向量机在股市趋向的预测和应用。提出了遗传模拟退火算法优化的最小二乘支持向量机预测模型,并分别对最小二乘支持向量机和遗传模拟退火算法进行了描述,给出了优化预测模型。通过实例研究,结果表明该方法具有较高的预测精度。     

NbF5: A Novel α‐Phase Stabilizer for FA‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency

The HC(NH₂)₂⁺(FA⁺) is a well‐known substitute to CH₃NH₃⁺(MA⁺) for its capability to extend light utilization for improved power conversion efficiency for perovskite solar cells; unfortunately, the dark cubic phase (α‐phase) can easily transition to the yellow orthorhombic phase (δ‐phase) at room temperature, an issue that prevents its commercial application. In this report, an inorganic material (NbF₅) is developed to stabilize the desired α‐phase perovskite material by incorporating NbF₅ additive into the perovskite films. It is found that the NbF₅ additive effectively suppresses the formation of the yellow δ‐phase in the perovskite synthesis and aging process, thus enhancing the humidity and light‐soaking stability of the perovskite film. As a result, the perovskite solar cells with the NbF₅ additive exhibit improved air stability by tenfold, retaining nearly 80% of their initial efficiency after aging in air for 50 d. In addition, under full‐sun AM 1.5 G illumination of a xenon lamp without any UV‐reduction, the perovskite solar cells with the NbF₅ additive also show fivefold improved illumination stability than the control devices without NbF₅.     

Direct Growth of Pyramid‐Textured Perovskite Single Crystals: A New Strategy for Enhanced Optoelectronic Performance

Even though there have been a few reports of substrate surface texturing of thin film perovskite solar cells to enhance their light trapping, there has been no direct texturing of the perovskite material, let alone perovskite single crystals (SCs). Herein, a method to prepare a pyramid‐structured perovskite CH₃NH₃PbX₃ (CH₃NH₃⁺ = MA, X = I, Br) SC surface with minimized light reflection and maximized incident light harvesting is reported. Specifically, a hard template is used to directly transfer the pyramidal texture onto the MAPbX₃ SC during its growth. A well‐shaped pyramidal texture is formed on the single‐crystal surface leading to improved light trapping. The textured MAPbBr₃ SC shows good crystallinity, prolonged carrier lifetime, and improved carrier mobility. Furthermore, the photodetector made from the textured SC shows enhanced responsivity of 321 A W^?1 and external quantum efficiency of 7191%, about two times higher than that of a control device. This method may be used to directly fabricate desired textures on general single crystal surfaces.     

任意控制点的三维三次B样条曲线绘制系统

为了使B样条曲线得到更广泛应用和方便《计算机辅助几何设计》课程关于B样条曲线的可视化教学。用Matlab GUI编程设计了＂三维空间的三次B样条曲线绘制系统＂。此系统界面简洁,使用方便。可用键盘输入任意个控制点,也可用文件方式输入任意个控制点;用矩阵描述三维空间的三次B样条曲线方程,实现了快速计算并绘制出光滑的三次B样条曲线。