转移法色交换

将图Ｇ的着色由一种变为中一种，通常用Ｋｅｍｐｅ法以交换。但是，对于某些情况，用此法无效。针对这个问题，本文提出了一种转移法色交换，它适用于平面图着色，方法直观，清晰且有效。     

~（60）Co辐照对聚四氟乙烯表面润湿性的影响

研究了具有低表面能的氟聚合物聚四氟乙烯（ＰＴＦＥ），经６０Ｃｏγ射线辐照后表面状态的变化，以及其对液体介质蒸馏水的润湿性。较详细地论述了辐照后表面粗糙度、结晶度以及表面化学基因等不同因素对ＰＴＦＥ表面润湿性的影响。通过对ＰＴＦＥ及其表面的红外、Ｘ光衍射，表面粗糙度的分析，弄清了辐照后ＰＴＦＥ表面化学基团的改变对有机氟聚合物表加的润湿性影响很大，而粗糙度和结晶度的变化对润湿性影响较小。     

Traffic grooming on WDM rings using optical burst transport

A sublambda traffic-grooming scheme on wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) rings, which is called optical burst transport (OBT), is proposed. The network protocol and architecture allow increased flexibility to tailor the transport network behavior for efficient delivery of bursty data traffic. Using different network parameters, its performance is analyzed via simulation, and the implementation issues including the media-access-control (MAC) protocol, tunable-filter controller, and burst-mode receiver are addressed. Finally, the feasibility of the OBT with an experimental testbed built by the authors is demonstrated and a streaming-video application is used to present its overall functionality.     

Effect of polymerization conditions on o‐phenylenediamine and o‐phenetidine oxidative copolymers

A series of new o‐phenylenediamine (OPD)/o‐phenetidine (PHT) copolymers with partly phenazine‐like structures has been successfully synthesized at three polymerization temperatures by chemically oxidative polymerization in four different polymerization media. The molecular structures and properties of the resulting OPD/PHT polymers were investigated by IR, UV–vis and high‐resolution ¹H NMR spectroscopies, and DSC, in order to ascertain the effect of reaction temperature, comonomer ratio and acid medium. The copolymerization mechanism of OPD with PHT monomers has been proposed. It is found that the statistical OPD/PHT copolymer obtained at a temperature of 118 °C has a higher degree of polymerization than that obtained at 12–17 °C. The OPD content in the copolymers calculated from NMR spectroscopic analysis is higher than that in the feed OPD content, whereas the OPD content calculated from element analysis is slightly lower than the feed OPD content. It can be predicted that denitrogenation takes place in the OPD units during the polymerization process at OPD/PHT molar ratios of 90/10 and 100/0. These OPD/PHT copolymers exhibit a much better solubility than the OPD homopolymer, hence suggesting an incorporation of PHT units into the phenazine structure of the homopolymer. The thermal behavior of the copolymers was also studied. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Process and design analysis for ultrafine-pitched wiresweep elimination in advanced copper heat spreader BGA package

The semiconductor device trend for increasing functionalities and performances yet with smaller overall feature sizes presents escalating obstacles to the decreasing form factor along with demanding thermal carrying capability required at the package level. To confront this compounding issue, ultrafine-pitch wirebond interconnect coupled with thermally enhanced copper heat spreader attached to the package are introduced. However, the additional copper heat spreader thickness introduced within the package challenges the design of the package's wire, its loop height, and the molding process control to prevent wire sweeping occurrences. This study investigates the impact of different ultrafine pitched wire types, wire loop designs, copper heat spreader structures, and mold material types on eliminating device short from occurring due to the wire sweeping phenomena. A full factorial experiment is performed using an active silicon device packaged in a thermally enhanced ball grid array (BGA) test vehicle. In addition, test characterization is carried out using x-ray and multiinsertions hot/cold continuity tests. Then, a detailed failure analysis is performed by package decapsulation and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray (SEM/EDX) to confirm the experimental findings. In conclusion, the study finds that for an ultrafine-pitched thermally enhanced BGA package, wire type is insignificant to reduce wire shorting occurrences. However, mold material and copper heat spreader structure using an optimized wire loop design are significant factors in eliminating wiresweep shorting phenomena. This study concludes with a wirebond interconnect and heat slug design recommended along with an improved process parameters and assembly material sets found from the experiment.     

Crystallite growth characteristics in superfine zirconia powders and compacts

Crystallite growth characteristics of coprecipitated superfine zirconia powders have been investigated. It was found that the crystallite growth in powders follows a cubic law at 800 and 1000°C; however, the crystallite size data for compacts of both Y-TZP and YSZ cannot be fitted with a traditional parabolic or cubic law, but with a linear relation between crystallite size and the logarithm of time. In addition, it was also found that the degree of agglomeration of the powders can affect the crystallite growth.     

悬浮床加氢裂化油溶性催化剂与沥青质的作用

在高压釜反应器中对添加了油溶性 Ni 催化剂(UPC-O)和水溶性 Ni 催化剂(UPC-W)的辽河稠油常压渣油(LHAR)进行了悬浮床加氢裂化实验。通过元素分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析对抑制反应生焦效果好的 UPC-O 与 LHAR 沥青质的作用进行了研究。元素分析结果显示,在 LHAR 中加入 UPC-O1000μg/g,沥青质和脱沥青质油中 Ni 含量分别出476μg/g和110μg/g 增加到7 559μg/g 和1 024μg/g,表明 UPC-O 在沥青质中有富集的趋势。FTIR 表征结果显示,UPC-O 和沥青质发生了相互作用。UPC-O 可在沥青质原位硫化为活性组分,对沥青质在悬浮床加氢裂化反应中的缩合起到好的抑制作用。     

油基钻井液的推广及循环利用

针对普通水基钻井液在钻进中强、强水敏性油藏时会造成储层污染、产量降低的问题,指出了油基钻井液在钻进该类油藏时的优势和其成本高、对生态环境有污染的缺点。为了大面积推广应用油基钻井液,重点介绍了油基钻井液的特性和稳定性影响因素,并通过室内评价证明了油基钻井液在油层保护中的良好效果,着重阐述了油基钻井液在王庄油田的现场应用情况,并探讨了油基钻井液的循环利用技术。研究结果表明,油基钻井液不仅具有良好的油层保护效果,而且具有较好的社会经济效益。