Metallic Particle Motion in 3-Phase SF6 Gas Insulated Bus

To investigate the behavior of metallic particles in 3-phase gas insulated buses (3-phase GIB), we conducted a test by using a 3-phase 275kV, ac, 60Hz full-scale model. The test results revealed that in a 3-phase electric field, unlike in a single-phase field, metallic particles were trapped on and around the high-voltage conductors and revolved circumferentially. Computer analysis shows that it was closely related to locational and periodic changes in the electric field provided by the 3-phase GIB, and that there were points on the high-voltage conductors in which metallic particles were readily trapped. It also was proved that phenomena peculiar to the 3-phase GIB could be reproduced very well by computer simulation.     

Light scattering from ferroelectric domains in LiTaO3

When a He-Ne 0.633 μm laser light passes through an as-grown LiTaO₃ single crystal, the Tyndall phenomenon is observed along the beam path. The scattered light intensity distribution was measured in the plane perpendicular to the incident beam. Results were discussed from the viewpoint of very small ferroelectric domains using light scattering theory. It was concluded that light scattering centers in LiTaO₃ are ferroelectric multi-domains of size in order of one wavelength.     

Theoretical atomic inner-shell energy levels, 70 ≤ Z ≤ 106

Theoretical 1s, 2s, $\text{2p}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$, and $\text{2p}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ energy levels in neutral atoms with 70 ≤ Z ≤ 106 are listed. The computations are relativistic and include complete relaxation. The electric energies are based on Dirac-Hartree-Slater wave functions; a first-order correction to the local approximation is made. The Breit-interaction energy and vacuum-polarization energy are listed separately, and a self-energy correction is included. These calculations differ from earlier work by the authors in that a more accurate, frequency-dependent expression for the Breit energy is employed, a Fermi (rather than uniform) distribution of the nuclear charge is assumed, and a screened self-energy correction is applied to the 1s, 2s, $\text{2p}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$, and $\text{2p}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ levels. Comparison of results with 1967 experimental values adopted by Bearden and new work of Borchert shows better agreement than is provided by earlier calculations with frequency-independent Breit interaction and a uniform nuclear charge distribution.     

Anion-induced conformational transition of poly(l-arginine) and its two homologues

The interaction of various anions with poly(l-arginine) and its two homologues, poly(l-homoarginine) and poly(l-α-amino-γ-guanidinobutyric acid), has been studied in the neutral pH region. These polypeptides were found to change their conformations from coil to helix due to I^?, ClO^?₄ and SCN^?, and among them poly(l-homoarginine) and poly(l-arginine) were found to change conformation at smaller concentrations of the anions than poly(l-lysine). The helix of poly(l-homoarginine) was induced in the lyotropic series of the counteranions. Using the van't Hoff enthalpies for the transition of the polypeptides and the transition enthalpies obtained from calorimetry, the various thermodynamic parameters of the transitions were calculated by use of a theory based on the non-specific and the specific binding interactions of the anions with the charged sites on the polypeptides. The binding constants of ClO^?₄ and SCN^? with poly(l-homoarginine) and poly(l-arginine) were found to be four times as large as those with poly(l-lysine). The free energy changes of the transitions from coil to helix of poly(l-homoarginine) and poly(l-arginine) were found to be more negative than that of poly(l-lysine). From these results, the guanidinium ion can be concluded to form easily the ion pair with the anions on the polymer surface, thus allowing poly(l-homoarginine) and poly(l-arginine) to change their conformations at smaller concentrations of the anions than poly(l-lysine).     

Analysis of low condensed components in condensates of mixtures of β-napthalenesulfonic and β-methylnaphthalenesulfonic acids with formaldehyde

The low condensed components in the condensates of mixtures of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid and β-methylnaphthalenesulfonic acid with formaldehyde were analyzed by high speed liquid chromatography. The main components of monomer and dimer were β-naphthalenesulfonic acid and the dimeric condensate of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid, respectively.     

A case of advanced gastric cancer with liver and lung metastasis effectively treated by combined chemo-immunotherapy of MMC, 5'-DFUR, OK-432

A sixty-eight-year-old male patient was diagnosed as having inoperable advanced gastric cancer with liver and lung metastasis. The patient was treated by combined chemo-immunotherapy of MMC 10 mg/M, 5'-DFUR 800 mg/day and OK-432 5 KE/2 W. Six months after commencing chemotherapy, CT-scan and upper GI series revealed that metasized liver tumors and stomach lesion were remarkably decreased in size and no cancer cell was confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. Further, the metastatic lung tumor has disappeared on chest X-ray. The patient had been well without any evidence of tumor re-progression for over one year, but from July the liver tumor began to metastasize again and the patient eventually died of liver metastasis on Jan. 1, 1993.     

A fundamental study on recovery of copper with a cation exchange membrane: Part 2 — Transfer rate of copper and hydrogen ion through a cation exchange membrane

Transfer rates of copper and hydrogen ion through a cation exchange membrane were measured experimentally for the systems of Cu/H-SO₄ and Cu/H-NO₃. Transfer rates of anions in the membrane were also measured, and they were negligible compared to those of the cations. Cupric ion and hydrogen ion transfer in a ratio of 1:2 and in opposite directions. The self-diffusion coefficient of cupric ion in the membrane is obtained from the transfer rate of copper in high concentrations of sulfuric or nitric acid solutions using the equilibria data obtained in our previous work. The coefficient of the hydrogen ion is similarly obtained.     

Enrichment of bacteria possessing catechol dioxygenase genes in the rhizosphere of Spirodela polyrrhiza: A mechanism of accelerated biodegradation of phenol

The bacterial community structure in bulk water and in rhizosphere fractions of giant duckweed, Spirodela polyrrhiza, was quantitatively and qualitatively investigated by PCR-based methods using 6 environmental water samples to elucidate the mechanisms underlying selective accumulation of aromatic compound-degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere of S. polyrrhiza. S. polyrrhiza selectively accumulated a diverse range of aromatic compound-degrading bacteria in its rhizosphere, regardless of the origin of water samples, despite no exposure to phenol. The relative abundances of the catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O) gene (C12O DNA) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) gene (C23O DNA) were calculated as the ratios of the copy numbers of these genes to the copy number of 16S rDNA and are referred to as the rhizosphere effect (RE) value. The RE values for C12O DNA and C23O DNA were 1.0 × 10¹–9.3 × 10³ and 1.7 × 10²–1.5 × 10⁴ times as high, respectively, in rhizosphere fractions as in bulk water fractions, and these higher values were associated with a notably higher sequence diversity of C12O DNA and C23O DNA. The RE values during phenol degradation were 3.6 × 10⁰–4.3 × 10² and 2.2 × 10⁰–1.7 × 10², respectively, indicating the ability of S. polyrrhiza to selectively accumulate aromatic compound-degrading bacteria in its rhizosphere during phenol degradation. The bacterial communities in the rhizosphere fractions differed from those in the bulk water fractions, and those in the bulk water fractions were notably affected by the rhizosphere bacterial communities. S. polyrrhiza released more than 100 types of phenolic compound into its rhizosphere as root exudates at the considerably high specific release rate of 1520 mg TOC and 214 mg phenolic compounds/d/g root (wet weight). This ability of S. polyrrhiza might result in the selective recruitment and accumulation of a diverse range of bacteria harboring genes encoding C12O and C23O, and the subsequent accelerated degradation of phenol in the rhizosphere.