结合一维扩展卷积与Attention机制的NLP模型

自然语言处理作为人工智能的一个分支,在日常生活中有着广泛的应用。随着循环神经网络在自然语言处理领域的应用以及循环神经网络的不断演进与迭代,自然语言处理有了很大的飞跃。循环神经网络也因此迅速成为自然语言处理领域的主流算法,但是其具有结构复杂和训练时间漫长的缺点。提出一种基于一维扩展卷积和Attention机制的自然语言处理模型,利用一维扩展卷积提取语言文本的深层特征,再通过Attention机制给深层特征分配权重以整合各个时序特征。实验结果表明,该模型只需循环神经网络约30%的训练时间,就能达到与循环神经网络相近的性能,验证了该模型的有效性。     

顶部定常吸气对高层建筑模型气动力的影响

为减少高层建筑受到的风荷载,提高高层建筑抗风性能,提出一种顶部吸气的主动控制方法。在一高宽比为H/d=5的正方形截面柱体的高层建筑模型上,通过在其顶部前边缘开设狭缝进行吸气来实现流动控制。通过风洞试验研究了顶部吸气对气动力与顶部分离流的影响.利用流动可视化与流场测试结果揭示了顶部狭缝吸气的控制机理.实验对比了不同吸气系数Q(=U/U_∞,U为狭缝吸气速度)对气动力控制效果的影响,并对Q=0,1和3的三种工况下风压分布与顶部剪切流进行了详细对比.研究发现狭缝吸气改变了顶部分离流特性,并对模型所有高度上的气动力均有显著影响.Q=1时控制效果最佳,脉动阻力与脉动升力分别减小17.8%和45.5%.此时顶面分离流被削弱并伴随有再附现象且湍流强度较大,最有利于顶部剪切流与尾流间的动量交换,从而削弱柱体展向涡脱落与脉动气动力.     

水平地震作用下地下结构考虑转动时的动力响应

利用分析力学的Lagrange方程,推导了地下结构在水平地震作用下同时考虑结构的平动和转动效应的运动方程.为了简化计算,将地下结构假定为矩形刚体,地基采用温克尔弹性地基模型,且不考虑结构与周围土介质的阻尼作用.首先得到了地下结构与土相互作用时的动能和势能,然后利用分析力学的Lagrange方程推导出了结构的运动方程.通过算例研究地下结构在水平地震作用下考虑转动分量和不考虑转动分量时的受力差别.     

喉部面积对切线泵性能的影响

为探讨喉部面积对切线泵性能的影响,选取切线泵WG211为研究对象, 利用CFD技术对5组不同喉部直径的切线泵内部流动进行三维定常数值模拟,计算得到不同喉部面积的切线泵在不同流量工况下的扬程和效率,并绘制流量-扬程和流量-效率曲线,最后对不同流量工况下喉部处的速度进行对比,分析截止流量产生的原因和流量系数的取值。研究发现:当切线泵的喉部直径由0.7D_d到1.3D_d变化时,在其设计工况下泵的扬程基本保持不变,其工作范围明显变大;效率随着流量的增大先增大后减小,在截止点附近效率达到最大值;截止点之后的扬程出现急剧下降是由于喉部处的速度大于叶轮外径的圆周速度,并且叶轮外径的圆周速度急剧减小,导致扬程急剧下降;通过对喉部直径为0.85D_d、D_d、1.15D_d的切线泵最优效率点附近的流量系数进行分析,认为切线泵流量系数的取值应在0.75~0.8为宜。     

Relaxation oscillations induced by an order gap between exciting frequency and natural frequency

The main purpose of the paper is to display the relaxation oscillations, known as the bursting phenomena, for the coupled oscillators with periodic excitation with an order gap between the exciting frequency and the natural frequency. For the case when the exciting frequency is much smaller than the natural frequency, different types of bursting oscillations such as fold/fold, Hopf/Hopf bursting oscillations can be observed. By regarding the whole exciting term as a slow-varying parameter on the fact that the exciting term changes on a much smaller time scale, bifurcations sets of the generalized autonomous system is derived, which divide the parameter space into several regions associated with different types of dynamical behaviors. Two cases with typical bifurcation patterns are focused on as examples to explore the dynamical evolution with the variation of the amplitude of the external excitation. Bursting oscillations which alternate between quiescent states (QSs) and repetitive spiking states (SPs) can be obtained, the mechanism of which is presented by introducing the transformed phase portraits overlapping with the bifurcation diagrams of the generalized autonomous system. It is found that not only the forms of QSs and SPs, but also the bifurcations at the transition points between QSs and SPs, may influence the structures of bursting attractors. Furthermore, the amplitudes and the frequencies related to SPs may depend on the bifurcation patterns from the quiescent sates.     

复合岩体的TBM破岩机理数值模拟

为了指导TBM刀盘刀具的研制和不同地质条件下刀盘刀具的选型,TBM破岩机理的研究成为核心。在TBM滚刀的作用下,岩体中裂纹的生成、扩展和连接规律是深刻理解TBM破岩机理的前提,因此,TBM滚刀破岩机理的研究具有重要的工程应用价值。目前,TBM滚刀破岩机理的研究主要集中在单一岩体中,但在TBM施工过程中会遇到各种复杂的地质条件。笔者采用离散元方法,研究了复合岩体的破岩机理,复合岩体中岩片的形成不同于单一岩体,其裂纹的最终连接是由起裂于复合岩体交界面上的微裂纹的扩展,将两滚刀之间的赫兹裂纹连接,最终形成岩片。因此,在一定情况下复合岩体更有利于TBM隧道施工。     

一种改进的CamShift运动目标跟踪算法

Cam Shift算法具有复杂度低,实时性和鲁棒性好等优点,被广泛地应用于目标跟踪领域。但是Cam Shift算法在运动目标接近与其颜色相近的固定遮挡物时,跟踪会出现明显的偏移。针对这一问题,提出了一种解决与运动目标颜色相近的固定遮挡物对目标跟踪的干扰的方法。首先,运用单高斯背景模型对运动目标进行背景建模;其次,通过背景模型与当前帧的运算,确定与运动目标颜色相近的固定遮挡物所在的位置;最后,利用H分量灰度图计算运动目标所在位置。实验结果显示,该方法在运动目标接近相似颜色固定遮挡物时,能很好地跟踪运动目标。     

抗畸变高效的视频拼接算法

针对视频拼接存在的边缘失真和融合效率问题,提出一种新的抗畸变高效的实时视频拼接算法。通过建立非线性抗畸变模型,对视频图像存在的非线性畸变进行校正,改善图像边缘过渡的平滑性;采用SURF配准算法兼顾配准的精度和效率;使用二维标记模板降低融合过程的冗余计算,进行快速图像融合。该算法提升了传统方法的视频拼接质量与融合效率。     

一种求解QoS约束组播路由问题的遗传算法*

针对多维QoS约束的组播路由问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的解决方案QCMRA-GA(GA of QoS Constraints Multicast Routing Algorithm).该算法对经典遗传算法的三大算子进行了重新设计,有效地克服了遗传算法的早熟现象.对染色体进行Prufer树型编码,可以避免回路的产生,并根据编码特性,进行基于叶子节点和Steiner节点的解空间压缩,提高了算法的收敛速度.实验表明QCMRA-GA的正确性和效率性.     

Systematic study of structure and piezoelectric properties of Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 by in situ synchrotron diffraction

Lead-based ferroelectric materials are extensively employed in industrial applications and everyday life due to their excellent ferroelectric and piezoelectric performance. Pb(Ni_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ (PNN-PT) is a typical binary relaxor ferroelectric system, whose refined structure and piezoelectric properties have not been systematically investigated. In this study, evolution of electric field-based crystal structure and variation of ferroelectric, piezoelectric, as well as dielectric properties with composition and temperature of (1 − x)PNN-xPT (0.32 ≤ x ≤ 0.36) ceramics were studied in full detail. The optimal performance is obtained at 0.66PNN-0.34PT with maximum piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ of 560 pC/N and large dielectric constant of 28 684. In situ high-energy synchrotron diffraction was employed to determine structural origins of enhanced properties of 0.66PNN-0.34PT. Interestingly, crystal structure of poled 0.66PNN-0.34PT ceramic is determined to be single monoclinic phase. Furthermore, both its lattice parameters and volume variation present butterfly shape under electric field. It is demonstrated that macroscopic strain of 0.66PNN-0.34PT stems mainly from intrinsic structure. The present study provides evidence for the relationship between microstructure and macroscopic properties, which is beneficial to the design of new materials with piezoelectric properties.