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11.
Michael T. Nagata John G. Speer David K. Matlock 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2002,33(10):3099-3110
To assess the potential for obtaining and utilizing titanium nitride (TiN) refinement via the increased postsolidification cooling rates associated with thin-slab casting, TiN particle size distributions were evaluated
by transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination of carbon extraction replicas. Eight commercially produced thin-slab
cast TiN steels, nominally 0.05 pct C, 1.2 pct Mn, and one conventionally cast steel were received. Thin slab samples were
taken from three locations in the production process: quenched after casting before the tunnel furnace, quenched after tunnel
furnace soaking, and the as-rolled and air-cooled final product. Effects of cooling rate were evident in the results and agree
with previously documented behavior, where precipitate size decreases with increased cooling rate. Statistical differences
in particle size between specimens from steels with different chemistries were shown. These variations result from differences
in the driving force for precipitation, rates of coarsening, and differences in volume fraction due to changes in steel composition.
The interaction of composition and processing, such as soaking in the tunnel furnace and rolling, was found to be important.
For example, the hyperstoichiometric steel (excess Ti) exhibited fine TiN after casting and soaking, but dramatic coarsening
after hot rolling. This behavior was attributed to deformation enhanced particle coarsening, or incomplete precipitation after
soaking, followed by continued growth during subsequent processing. 相似文献
12.
H. Nagata Yagang Li K.R. Voisine W.R. Bosenberg 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2004,16(11):2457-2459
Reliability for nonhermetic bias-free LiNbO/sub 3/ optical modulators is estimated from aging data in both dry and damp heat conditions. The two dominant failure modes for these devices are: 1) device performance degradation due to temperature-activated drift of the annealed proton-exchange waveguide; and 2) optical insertion loss increase due to humidity-induced deterioration of glued fiber joints. A total failure rate of 30 failures in time (FITs) is predicted for 20 years operation at 45/spl deg/C and moderate humidity conditions (40% RH). This estimate based on laboratory-test data is consistent with a field failure rate <5 FITs observed in fielded devices. 相似文献
13.
Saga K. Sugasaka T. Sekiguchi M. Nagata S. Asakawa K. 《Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on》1992,39(6):537-542
A reinforcement learning algorithm based on supervised learning is described. It uses associative search to discover and learn actions that make the system perform a desired task. One problem with associative search is that the system's actions are often inconsistent. In the searching process, the system's actions are always decided stochastically, so the system cannot perform learned actions more than once, even if they have been determined to be suitable actions for the desired task. To solve this problem, a neural network that can predict an evaluation of an action and control the influence of the stochastic element is used. Results from computer simulations using the algorithms to control a mobile robot are described 相似文献
14.
15.
The hemostatic effect of aprotinin in pediatric cardiac surgery is controversial. This study demonstrated the usefulness of aprotinin in cases undergoing additional surgery. In a retrospective study, three groups of children were investigated. In group I (n = 10), no aprotinin or Cell saver was used (control). In group II (n = 12), Cell saver was used intraoperatively. In group III (n = 14), aprotinin 30,000 KIU/kg was added to the prime of cardiopulmonary bypass, and another 10,000 KIU/kg was given every hour during extracorporeal circulation. Both blood loss and use of homologous blood during operation were significantly (p < 0.01) reduced in group III compared to those in the other two groups. In group III, blood loss both 12 and 48 hours postoperatively were one-third less than those in group I (no significant difference). The use of homologous blood 48 hours postoperatively was significantly reduced in group III compared to that in group I (p < 0.01) or group II (p < 0.05). We conclude that aprotinin administration during cardiopulmonary bypass reduced blood loss and homologous blood requirements both operatively and postoperatively when pediatric cardiac surgery must be redone. 相似文献
16.
J Kido C Kasahara K Ohishi S Nishikawa H Ishida K Yamashita S Kitamura K Kohri T Nagata 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,40(10):967-972
Osteopontin is a prominent non-collagenous component of bone matrix, although it is expressed in several other tissues. Recently, osteopontin was reported to be involved in urinary stone formation and atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta, suggesting that it may be a key protein associated with these types of pathological mineralization. In this study, whether or not human dental calculus contains osteopontin was investigated by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analyses. After extraction of calculus proteins with EDTA and separation of the proteins by electrophoresis, immunoblotting analysis revealed the presence of osteopontin. Two forms of osteopontin appeared at 61 and 68 kDa on 10% polyacrylamide gel and the proteins were digested with thrombin, a highly specific protease. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that osteopontin was localized in dental calculus adherent to tooth roots. These findings indicate that osteopontin is, in fact, present in human dental calculus and may be involved in calculus formation as the stone matrix. 相似文献
17.
The effects of curing agents on the content of heme pigments (HP) in meat were examined. Minced porcine skeletal muscle was treated with NaCl, NaNO(2) and sodium ascorbate (NaAsA), separately or in combination, and stored at 2-3°C for 7 days. HP content decreased with increase in NaCl concentration and the decrease was about 50% and 80% at NaCl concentrations of 2% and 10%, respectively. Two percent NaCl prevented HP destruction, when previously mixed with 100 ppm NaNO(2) or 0·1% NaAsA. Although some decrease in HP content was noted following application of a mixture of NaCl, NaNO(2) and NaAsA, it was essentially the same as that of the control during 7 days of refrigerated storage. In a model solution containing the same curing agents as those applied to the meat. NaCl had no effect and myoglobin (Mb) content remained constant during storage. From the present results, endogenous muscle constituents appear to act in concert with NaCl to bring about a decrease in HP content. 相似文献
18.
Effects of Annealing on Dielectric Loss and Microstructure of Aluminum Nitride Ceramics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shoichi Kume Masaki Yasuoka Naoki Omura Koji Watari 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2005,88(11):3229-3231
The effect of annealing on tan δ and microstructures of aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics were explored. Yttria was added as a sintering additive to AlN powders, and the powders were pressureless-sintered at 1900°C for 2 h in a nitrogen flow atmosphere. In succession to sintering, AlN samples were annealed at 720, 970 and 1210°C for 2 and 4 h. Very low tan δ values between 2.6 and 6.0 × 10−4 at 28 GHz were obtained when the AlN samples were annealed for 4 h at all the annealing temperatures. 相似文献
19.
High temperature, high pressure e.s.r. measurements of the hydrogenation reaction of Taiheiyo coal in the presence of catalysts were carried out to understand the stabilization of thermally and/or catalytically induced free radicals. A decrease in free radical concentration with increasing temperature was observed for ZnCl2 and SnCl2 · 2H2O catalysts at 10MPa under hydrogen gas. High pressure modified single-cell d.t.a. and p.d.a. equipment augmented the uniquely designed high temperature, high pressure e.s.r. cell. The hydrogenation reaction was monitored under the same experimental conditions as for e.s.r. From the results of the combination of high temperature, high pressure e.s.r. with high pressure d.t.a. and p.d.a., it was established that H2 molecules can react efficiently with free radicals from coal molecules created by the presence of ZnCl2 and SnCl2 · 2H2O catalysts. 相似文献
20.
Hirosuke Oku Jyutaro Shudo Kunio Mimura Akinori Haratake Junichi Nagata Isao Chinen 《Lipids》1995,30(2):169-172
A neutral lipid class was isolated by thin-layer chromatography from the skin surface lipids of the hairless mouse. The fraction
migrated faster than triglycerides and had a migration rate similar to that of diacyl alkanediols (diester wax). Upon deacylation,
however, the long-chain diols were identified as 1-alkylglycerol ethers based on their chromatographic properties and on the
mass spectra of their nicotinylidene derivatives. Thus, the skin lipid fraction was identified as 1-O-alkyl-diacylglycerol. The alkyl moieties were all saturated and even-numbered and ranged in chainlength from C16 to C22 with 1-O-hexadecylglycerol amounting to 34% of the total glycerol ether moieties. The fatty acids derived from this lipid fraction
were mostly monoenoic with chainlengths ranging from C16 to C24. The major acyl component was eicosenoic acid (20∶1) representing 61% of the total fatty acids. 相似文献