Gateway Selection Protocol in Hybrid MANET Using DYMO Routing

In this paper, we propose a novel gateway (GW) selection protocol in hybrid Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). We focus on the situation that occurs when specialized, sensitive data is sent to the Internet from MANET nodes. These special data types are especially susceptible to security risks such as information leak and data falsification. Therefore, it is necessary for such special data to be forwarded by a secure/trusted GW which is controlled by a trusted network administrator. However, there should be multiple GWs deployed in a MANET, where the cost ineffectiveness makes it difficult for a network administrator to simultaneously manage every GW. Because of the risk of forwarding special data through an unmaintained GW, we propose a routing protocol which allows a source node to have sensitive data forwarded to the Internet through a trusted GW. To achieve this desirable performance, we improve upon one of the newest routing protocols, Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO), which works in consideration of application data. Through simulations, we evaluate our protocol in comparison with the conventional DYMO protocol. The results show that our protocol can make MANET source nodes choose GWs for specific data.     

Thermoelectric Characteristics of a Commercialized Mg<Subscript>2</Subscript>Si Source Doped with Al,Bi, Ag,and Cu

The thermoelectric characteristics of commercial polycrystalline Mg₂Si doped with Bi, Al + Bi, Ag, and Cu were examined. The samples for the thermoelectric measurements were prepared using the plasma-activated sintering (PAS) technique. The measured values of the Seebeck coefficient were compared with values calculated using the all-electron band-structure calculation package (ABCAP) based on a full-potential augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) band-structure calculation in a local density approximation (LDA). For the Bi + Al-co-doped samples, the observed values of the dimensionless figure of merit, ZT, were higher than those of solely Bi-doped samples. The maximum value obtained for Bi + Al-doped Mg₂Si was 0.77 at 862 K. For the Ag-doped samples, ZT was significantly lower than that of the Bi + Al-doped samples, with the maximum value being about 0.11 at 873 K.     

Observation of neutral density variations accompanying streamer progression across air gaps

Neutral density variations accompanying progression of streamers across needle-to-rod air gaps of length 0.75 and 1 m were observed with the use of a laser shadowgraph system consisting of astronomical telescopes for beam expansion and reduction, and an acousto-optic laser deflector for high-speed imaging. The system had a spatial resolution of about 1 mm over an annular observation region of outer diameter 28 cm and inner diameter 11 cm, and a temporal resolution in the order of microseconds. The system was also used to observe neutral density variations accompanying shock waves which resulted from a spark discharge. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Multiplicative correction of subject effect as preprocessing for analysis of variance

The procedure of repeated-measures ANOVA assumes the linear model in which effects of both subjects and experimental conditions are additive. However, in electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography, there may be situations where subject effects should be considered to be multiplicative in amplitude. We propose a simple method to normalize such data by multiplying each subject's response by a subject-specific constant. This paper derives ANOVA tables for such normalized data. Present simulations show that this method performs ANOVA effectively including multiple comparisons provided that the data follows the multiplicative model.     

Disappearance Conditions of Thermal Stress Singularities Based on Stress Intensity in Two and Three-Phase Bonded Structures

The characteristics of stress singularities near the free edge of the interface of bonded dissimilar materials subjected to change in temperature are investigated. The thermal stresses are represented by the sum of the singular terms of types r^-1 and log r, no singular ones and the particular ones. The functions, K × F (j=1,2,3), associated with the terms except the particular terms contributing to the thermal stresses are described as new stress intensity factors. The K is obtained from the technique of the Mellin transform and the F is calculated by numerical analysis such as finite element analysis. The emphasis here is placed on clarifying material combinations with arbitrary wedge angles and elastic properties yielding K = 0. The results can be used to determine material/geometry which ensures that interface residual stresses will be in compressive. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparison of 16 human colon carcinoma cell lines for their expression of sialyl LeX antigens and their E-selectin-dependent adhesion

A single nucleotide polymorphism located in the 3' flanking region of the human CLOCK gene was investigated as a predictor of diurnal preference in a population-based random sample of 410 normal adults. Morningness-eveningness preferences were determined using the 19-item Home-Ostberg questionnaire. Subjects carrying one of the two CLOCK alleles, 3111C, had a significantly lower mean Horne-Ostberg score. The distribution of scores was clearly shifted toward eveningness for these subjects. The score difference was independent of age, sex and ethnic heritage, thus making population stratification effects unlikely to explain this difference. These subjects had a substantial 10- to 44-minute delay in preferred timing for activity or sleep episodes. We suggest that the identified polymorphism or another tightly linked polymorphism within the CLOCK gene or its regulatory elements may be responsible for the finding.     

Autoimmune-prone (NZW x BXSB)F1 (W/BF1) mice escape severe thrombocytopenia after treatment with deoxyspergualin, an immunosuppressant

Male (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice spontaneously develop a disease which closely resembles human systemic autoimmune disease, involving idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and glomerulonephritis. We investigated whether autoimmune thrombocytopenia in the mice responded to deoxyspergualin, as immunosuppressant. Deoxyspergualin completely prevented the development of thrombocytopenia and suppressed the increase in circulating autoantibodies against platelets. This agent also ameliorated lupus nephritis. These findings suggest that deoxyspergualin may be effective in the prevention of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.     

Influences of matrix ductility,interfacial bonding strength,and fiber volume fraction on tensile strength of unidirectional metal matrix composite

A trial to predict the influences of ductility of matrix, interfacial bonding strength, and volume fraction of fiber on the tensile strength of unidirectional metal matrix composites was attempted by means of a Monte Carlo computer simulation method. The main results are summarized as follows. (1) The strength of strongly bonded composites increased with increasing ductility of matrix and then remained nearly constant. (2) When the matrix was ductile, the strength of composite increased with increasing interfacial bonding strength and then remained nearly constant. When the matrix was not ductile, the strength increased but then decreased with interfacial bonding strength. In this case, there was an optimum bonding strength, for which the strength of composite was highest. (3) Concerning the strength of composite as a function of volume fraction of fiber, there arose the case where it is approximately described by the rule of mixtures and also the case where it is not described by this rule, depending on the ductility of matrix, interfacial bonding strength, and scatter of strength of fiber.     

A computer simulation on tensile strength of metal matrix composites reinforced with surface-Damaged fibers

The tensile behavior and strength of metal matrix composites reinforced with surface-damaged fibers was studied by means of the computer simulation technique. The simulation experiments were carried out for various combinations of the factors such as average flaw size, scatter of flaw size, and density of flaws for both cases of strong and weak interfacial bonding strengths. It was demonstrated that the strength of composite is reduced with increasing these factors for both cases, especially for the case of weak interfacial bonding strength.     

Renal microscopic polyarteritis replaced by pericarditis with episodic increases in MPO-ANCA in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

BACKGROUND: An abnormally increased presence of type VI collagen has been shown in the lamina cribrosa of patients with primary and secondary glaucoma. This study was undertaken to investigate the pattern of type VI collagen within the aqueous outflow structures of glaucoma patients. METHODS: Trabecular meshwork samples of eight normal donor eyes and trabeculectomy specimens of 21 patients with different types of glaucoma were processed for either cryo-sectioning or for paraffin embedding. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted by use of polyclonal rabbit antibodies against human collagen type VI. RESULTS: Immunoreactivity for type VI collagen was evident in the cores of all trabecular beams. The strongest staining was detected in the uveal region of the human trabecular meshwork. Immunohistochemical labelling for type VI collagen was not more pronounced in the aqueous outflow structures of glaucoma patients than in normal eyes. CONCLUSION: Collagen type VI is a ubiquitous structural component of the extracellular matrix in the human trabecular meshwork. However, type VI collagen does not appear to be of greater importance for the increased trabecular outflow resistance in glaucoma patients than in normal eyes.