Determination of 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol and related compounds in foods

An analytical method has been developed for the determination of 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol (TTBP) in foods. TTBP was determined by GC/MS (SIM) after extraction from food samples using a steam distillation technique. The developed method was able to determine simultaneously 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (2,6-DTBP), 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol (3,5-DTBP) and 2,4-di-tert-pentylphenol (2,4-DTPP). The method was applied to analyze the residues of the 5 phenolic compounds in 101 food samples purchased from markets. TTBP was found in some samples of meat, liver and fish (muscle) at the levels of trace (tr)-0.50 ng/g, tr and tr-1.83 ng/g, respectively. 2,4-DTBP was found in some samples of vegetables, meat, liver, fish (muscle) and fish (viscera) at the levels of 1.4-10.6 ng/g, 2.7-26.4 ng/g, tr-34.2 ng/g, tr-21.6 ng/g and tr, respectively. 2,6-DTBP was found in some samples of fish (muscle) and fish (viscera) at the levels of tr-3.9 ng/g and tr, respectively. 3,5-DTBP and 2,4-DTPP were not found in any of the analyzed samples.     

A Zero-Heat-Flow Transducer for Monitoring Perfusion Blood Temperature

The transducer in which the zero-heat-flow method was applied is designed for monitoring the blood temperature flowing in a tube. The circumference of the probe was heated or cooled to the same temperature as the tube-surface temperature which finally showed the blood temperature, so that the net heat flow across the probe was reduced to zero. Experiments showed that the water temperature could be measured from the surface of a vinyl-chloride tube with the accuracy of ±0.2°C between 20 and 400°C of water temperature. The measured temperature was not affected by the ambient temperature, tube thickness, tube material, and flow rate. Time delay of ramp-like change in the water temperature was around 2 min to measure on the vinyl-chloride tube. Time delay depends on the heat capacity of the metal frame, the thermal conductivity of the tube material, and the power of thermomodule. The in vivo experiment of this device appeared to be satisfactry with a high accuracy and good response time.     

Breast cancer in the medial half. Results of 1978 National Survey of the American College of Surgeons

In their previous report on the 1978 survey of breast cancer by the American College of Surgeons, the authors observed that the five-year cure rate was lower, but only marginally, in patients having tumors located in the medial half of the breast than those in the lateral half. In order to identify factors which might explain this difference, as well as to evaluate the contribution of additional irradiation towards improving the cure rates, further analysis was made of the group of 9401 women in the long-term survey, with particular attention to the size of the tumor, the age of the patient, and the extent of the nodal metastasis. This analysis demonstrates that the prognosis is quite similar between groups of patients with tumors in medial or lateral half of the breast. Irradiation given in addition to mastectomy did not appear to improve the prognosis of the patients as compared to that of those treated by mastectomy alone.     

A web browsing system for cellular-phone users based on adaptive presentation

Cellular phones are widely used to access the Web. However, most available Web pages are designed for desktop PCs, and it is inconvenient to browse these large Web pages on a cellular phone with a small screen and poor interfaces. Users who browse a Web page on a cellular phone have to scroll through the whole page to find the desired content, and must then search and scroll within that content in detail to get useful information. This paper describes the design and implementation of a novel Web browsing system for cellular phones. This system includes a Web page overview to reduce scrolling operations when finding objective content within the page. Furthermore, it adaptively presents content according to its characteristics to reduce burdensome operations when searching within content.     

Construction of Functionalized Azapolycyclic Architectures via Formal Amide Insertion at a Low Catalyst Loading of Copper Trifluoroacetylacetonate

A formal amide insertion reaction for the synthesis of nitrogen‐bridged polycyclic frameworks with diverse functionalities was developed using a sustainable copper catalyst as an advantageous alternative to precious rhodium catalysts. The remarkable feature of this methodology is the amount of catalyst loading (0.05 mol%). The optimized reaction conditions enable access to aromatic ring‐fused 8‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 9‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, and 6‐azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane derivatives in moderate to excellent yields.

     

PRECIPITATION BEHAVIOUR AND HARDENING OF B2-ORDERED Ni(Al, Ta)

1.IntroductionIntermetalliccompoundsbasedonNiAIwithlowdensities(<5.9g/cm')andhighmeltingtemperatures(>1900K)areattractiveforpotentialhightemperaturestructuralapplications.However,beforethesecompoundscanbeexploitedforthispurposetheirlowductilityandinadequatehightemperaturestrengthmustbeimprovedinordertocompetewithealstingalloyonastreng'thtoweightbasis.VariousinvestigationsofthemechanicalpropertiesoftheBZ-orderedNiAIhavebeenreportedtl--7];includingworkonternaryalloys,Ni-ALX,whereXincludesr…     

Focusing quality of a split short laser pulse

For multiple laser pulse experiments, it is necessary to split a laser pulse. In order to split a short laser pulse without stretching the pulse width, the laser pulse should not pass through thick materials. For this reason, a pellicle beam splitter (BS) and/or a mirror with a hole are required as a BS for the short laser pulse. The focusing qualities of the laser pulse after passing through the pellicle BS and the mirror with a hole are the same as without the BS's. The laser pulse quality reflected by the BSs should be considered for the laser pulse. A pellicle BS is a thin foil, so, it is weak against vibrations. One should be careful about airflows and isolation from vibration sources. The spot size of the reflected laser pulse is consistent with the size reflected by a normal mirror. The energy loss is about 10% compared with a normal mirror. A mirror with a hole is strong against external vibrations. The reflected laser pulse has a doughnut shape. The reflected laser pulse is interfered due to the shape. In order to cleanly focus the laser pulse, the inside size of the doughnut should be smaller than a half size of the outside portion of the doughnut.     

Low-damage direct patterning of silicon oxide mask by mechanical processing

To realize the nanofabrication of silicon surfaces using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we investigated the etching of mechanically processed oxide masks using potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. The dependence of the KOH solution etching rate on the load and scanning density of the mechanical pre-processing was evaluated. Particular load ranges were found to increase the etching rate, and the silicon etching rate also increased with removal of the natural oxide layer by diamond tip sliding. In contrast, the local oxide pattern formed (due to mechanochemical reaction of the silicon) by tip sliding at higher load was found to have higher etching resistance than that of unprocessed areas. The profile changes caused by the etching of the mechanically pre-processed areas with the KOH solution were also investigated. First, protuberances were processed by diamond tip sliding at lower and higher stresses than that of the shearing strength. Mechanical processing at low load and scanning density to remove the natural oxide layer was then performed. The KOH solution selectively etched the low load and scanning density processed area first and then etched the unprocessed silicon area. In contrast, the protuberances pre-processed at higher load were hardly etched. The etching resistance of plastic deformed layers was decreased, and their etching rate was increased because of surface damage induced by the pre-processing. These results show that etching depth can be controlled by controlling the etching time through natural oxide layer removal and mechanochemical oxide layer formation. These oxide layer removal and formation processes can be exploited to realize low-damage mask patterns.     

HARDENING OF L1_2-ORDERED Co_3Ti BY PRECIPITATION OF FCC-Co PHASE

1.IntroductionLlz-orderedC03Tihasat6ractedm1lchattentionbecauseofitsp0sitivetemperaturedependenceofstrengthI1t2],thehighesttemperatureatwhichthestrellgthattainsitshigh-estval..[2]andhighductilityoverawiderangeoftemperature[3].Thestrellgthlevel,however,isnotashighasthat0fNi3ALbasedall0ys[2].Acc0rdingt0thereI,ortedCo-Tibinaryphasediagram[']?theryi-C.,Tiphaseexistsoveracompositi0nrangeapproximatelyfrom2Ot025m0l%TiasshowninFig.l.Thes0lubility0fTiinCohasbeenwellestab-lishedbecausetheprecipit…     

Application of an interpenetrating network model to the necking in the microcrystalline region in four annealed isotactic polypropylene films subjected to uniaxial stretching at room temperature

The microscopic infrared dichroism, mesoscale deformation and macroscopic stress measurements are made on the microcrystalline region in four annealed isotactic polypropylene (iPP) thin films subjected to uniaxial stretching at room temperature. Results reveal that volume dilatation might occur during stretching and the necking causes the anisotropic shrinkage in the thickness and the width directions. The average orientation function f_av and the true stress as a function of local draw ratio in the samples showing volume dilatation can be respectively overlapped onto those of the sample undergoing constant volume deformation. The pseudo-affine deformation is applicable for molecular orientation at f_av<0.50 and the true stress-strain relationship on the mesoscale can be well described in the same region by the interpenetrating network model previously proposed for necking in the quenched iPP film. This model becomes invalid for deformations above f_av=0.50 due to that plastic deformations in the crystalline phase, depending on the annealing time, start to play a major role.