The leveling of thermosetting waterborne coatings. Part II: Drying of coated wet films

Evaporation behavior of water/solvent blends was estimated using the universal functional activity coefficient, UNIFAC, method. The evaporation rate from a free surface of a waterborne coating, WBC, containing a co-solvent was experimentally determined. These results were used to estimate the evaporation rate from wet films of a WBC containing a variety of co-solvents with a range of initial thickness. Knowing the composition of the WBC during the drying process, the change in the viscosity and the surface tension was determined. The results strongly support the development of a surface tension gradient in the film. It is also suggested that a surface tension gradient would accelerate the leveling of the ribs if a proper co-solvent were employed.     

INSTANTANEOUS DOPPLER FREQUENCY FOR SQUINT SAR IMAGING

Instantaneous Doppler frequency for squint SAR imaging has been found with Chirp Scaling Algorithm (CSA). Because the azimuth sample is not perpendicular to the range sample,the range signal must impact on the azimuth signal in the squint SAR data processing, and the different slant range targets have different Doppler frequencies. From the mathematical model of SAR echo signal, this paper carefully analyzes the instantaneous azimuth frequency, the instantaneous Doppler frequency component of the azimuth frequency and the impact of range chirp on azimuth frequency, which explains that Doppler frequency should be properly selected for correct SAR imaging in the squint SAR. The results of point target simulation experiments show that the way is reasonable for the squint SAR and can effectively complete range compression and azimuth focusing, and improve images‘ quality.     

网格编码矢量量化在SAR原始数据压缩中的应用

本文提出了一种结合传统的块自适应量化与网格编码矢量量化对SAR原始数据进行压缩的方法。首先对SAR原始数据实施块自适应量化以减小数据的动态范围,然后对块自适应量化后的数据进行网格编码矢量量化。该方法在考虑了SAR原始数据特性的基础上较好地利用了矢量的空间相关性和信号的时间相关性,进一步提高了量化增益。仿真结果表明,该方法在SAR原始数据的压缩中取得了很好的效果。     

一种混合型盲均衡算法

盲均衡器在通信系统中有着重要的作用，但一般的盲均衡器存在收敛速度慢的缺点，本文以广泛使用的CMA（ConstantModulusAlgorithm）为基础，提出一种混合型均衡算法，不仅提高了收敛速度，而且减小了收敛后的剩余干扰，使均衡器收敛后不必切换到普通均衡方式。     

Estimation of pH and the number of lytic granules in a CD8+ CTL clone treated with an inhibitor of vacuolar type H(+)-ATPase concanamycin A

A vacuolar type H(+)-ATPase inhibitor, concanamycin A (CMA), raised the pH and induced morphologic changes such as vacuolation in lytic granules in the CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone OE4. Here we measured the pH in lytic granules present in OE4 by immunoelectron microscopic observation using (3-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-3'-amino-N-methyldipropylamine (DAMP) as a pH probe. In control OE4, only the peripheral region, but not cores, were heavily stained with DAMP. Exposure to 100 nM CMA for 60 min raised the pH in the lytic granules from 5.7 +/- 0.2 to 6.8 +/- 0.2. Furthermore, the number of lytic granules in OE4 was estimated under phase contrast microscopy after Wright staining. About 20 lytic granules in average were detected in control cells, while CMA induced vacuolation and decreased their number by 20 to 30%.     

CLASSIFICATION OF MULTI-LOOK POLARIMETRIC SAR IMAGERY AND POLARIZATION CHANNEL OPTIMIZATION

In this paper, a new maximum likelihood (ML) classification algorithm is proposed to classify the multi-look polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Experimental results with the NASA/JPL airborne L-band polarimetric SAR data demonstrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm. Furthermore, when using the algorithm in the classifications with subsets of the multi-look polarimetric SAR data, the polarization-channel optimization for the terrain type classification is implemented.