"Extended and telescoped phantom limbs in unilateral amputees": Erratum.

Reports an error in the original article by Samuel A. Weiss and Sidney Fishman (Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 1963, Vol 66[5], 489-497). A correction is provided to a sentence on page 491, in column 1, paragraph 2, line 3. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1964-02937-001.)The incidence of extended (same length) and telescoped phantom limbs was studied by interview in 239 adult unilateral amputees, above and below elbow and knee (AE, BE, AK, BK). Differences were analyzed by nonparametric statistics. Conclusions were as follows: (a) AEs reported the greatest, and BKs the smallest proportions of shortened phantoms; (b) BE and AK groups were approximately similar; (c) telescoped phantoms of proximal amputations were mainly partly telescoped--of distal amputations, fully telescoped; (d) phantom presence, persistence, strength, shortness, and tactile pressure sensitivity were positively related, paralleling the cephalocaudad principle; (e) limb image (established by cortical and learning factors); and (f) intensity of stump cues (dependent on the cephalocaudad gradient, etiology, and sensitization by amputation), affect perception of phantom length and related sensations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Steady-State Reliability of Systems of Mutually Independent Subsystems

Predicting the reliability of a redundant system with repair is considerably simplified when the system can be subdivided into mutually independent subsystems. Results can be obtained without knowing the failure of repair time distributions of the subsystems. In this paper formulae are developed for the ``steady-state' availability and MTBF of a complex system in terms of the availabilities and MTBF's of its constituent subsystems. The basic concepts required are introduced and discussed in a review of a simplex system. These concepts are then applied to a complex system to obtain the main results of the paper. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the application of these results.     

Energy deployment and achievement.

The basic hypothesis of the study was that the capacity for directed and focused expenditure of energy is an essential part of academic and extra-curricular achievement. 38 undergraduates of comparable intelligence were administered the Digit Symbol subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) under neutral and stress conditions. High achievers were found to demonstrate a relatively stable pattern of greater Digit Symbol productivity with less pressure of writing, as indicated by the number of carbons upon which impressions of writing were visible. This pattern was evident after stress as well. Important individual differences in capacity to effectively channel one's energies into an assigned task is suggested, and these differences are discussed as important determinants of achievement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Body-image boundaries and style of life.

Rorschach protocols, previously found to contain the richest data concerning body-image boundaries were scored for two variables represented by a Barrier score and a Penetration of the Boundary score. "It would appear that those who emphasize the armoring qualities of their body boundaries differ from those who do not in a greater interest in muscular expression, higher aspiration, a greater frequency of physical complaints involving the exterior layers of the body, and a tendency to perceive others as concealing their true intentions behind a deceptive facade." 29 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Combining check-reading accuracy and quantitative information in a space-saving display.

An experiment investigated the possibilities that a check-reading display could be designed to yield quantitative information, and that a more compact format could be used, saving space while preserving information content. The commonly used 4 X 4 display matrix and 0.50 sec. exposure time were used. Application of Gestalt principles proved advantageous. In an earlier study the principle of continuity was found highly efficient for qualitative readout. In this case, the principle of similarity of form was found to allow quantitative readout with little or no loss of check-reading efficiencies, which ranged between 94% and 98% correct detection of errors. Compressing the display by use of semicircular, rather than circular, dials improved performance even beyond its earliest, almost perfect, level. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Economics of Raw Materials Preparation for the Blast Furnace

An economie evaluation of different types of blast-furnace burdens, based on representative materials cost figures and production results of tests and actual blast-furnace operations.