A channel estimation algorithm for MIMO-SCFDE

This letter proposes a novel method for channel estimation in a single-carrier multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) system with frequency-domain equalization/detection. To this end, we construct novel short MIMO training sequences that have constant envelope in the time domain to preclude the peak-to-average power ratio problem encountered in many systems that utilize the frequency domain for data recovery. Simultaneously, the spectrum in the frequency domain is flat except for a grid of s for predefined frequency tones. Armed with these sequences, we provide an algorithm that is optimal in the least squares (LS) sense at a potentially low computational cost. Results show that the algorithm performs identically to other proposed LS techniques. Furthermore, the algorithm is extremely bandwidth efficient in that the total training overhead required to obtain full CSI is just one block.     

大数据去哪儿

在大数据如日中天,人们正翘首企盼大数据能带来无与伦比新体验的时候,质疑大数据的声音也开始越来越多。大数据去哪儿?它将朝着什么方向发展?本文介绍了大数据时代最性感的职业——数据科学家,并对下一代互联网的核心和基础性技术——语义搜索的原理与功能进行了描述。     

黑索今基含铝炸药烤燃实验和数值模拟

含铝（Al）炸药在烤燃过程中,Al粉会改变炸药内部传热机制从而影响炸药热反应,因此需要研究含Al炸药热反应特征。采用多点测温烤燃法,对压装黑索今（RDX）/石蜡（WAX）（96/4）炸药进行了烤燃实验,获得了炸药内部不同位置处温度变化;结合数值模拟计算,标定了RDX炸药反应动力学模型参数;分别采用多点测温烤燃法和烤燃弹法,对压装RDX/Al/Binder（60/31/9）和熔铸梯恩梯（TNT）/RDX/Al（60/24/16）两种含Al炸药进行了烤燃实验,获得了炸药内部温度变化及点火时间。建立含Al炸药热反应计算模型,计算分析了炸药热反应特征。对RDX/Al/Binder考虑了Al粉的吸热和热传导;对TNT/RDX/Al考虑了相变及多步热分解反应,并采用多组元网格单元计算法同时考虑Al粉的吸热;对炸药烤燃实验进行了数值模拟计算,通过与实验结果比较验证了计算结果的准确性。研究结果表明：Al粉的加入会加快压装RDX/Al/Binder（60/31/9）含Al炸药内部的传热速率,缩短其点火时间,降低炸药热安全性;Al粉的加入对铸装TNT/RDX/Al（60/24/16）含Al炸药的传热过程没有显著影响。     

挠性电路板微孔钻孔技术研究

随着电子信息产品功能的不断强大,对挠性电路板高精密化提出了更高的要求,目前50μm线宽/50μm间距、75μm微孔导通已经成为挠性电路板产品的主要发展趋势,而近年来技术日益更新的高转速钻机为挠性板机械钻微孔创造了条件。本文主要研究挠性板机械钻微孔技术,通过正交实验,对辅材搭配、基材材质特性、基材铜箔类型、钻孔参数等进行了系统试验,找出影响机械钻微孔的关键因子,并通过优化钻孔参数,以达到提高微孔钻孔品质、提高钻孔效率、降低微孔制作成本的目的。     

Comments on "A carry-free 54 b/spl times/54 b multiplier using equivalent bit conversion algorithm"

For original paper see ibid., vol. 36, no. 10, p. 1538-1545 (Oct. 2001). In the aforementioned paper by Kim et al., a multiplier is presented which produces the result in radix-2 signed-digit representation. It is claimed that this representation can be converted into conventional magnitude representation by an algorithm which has no carry propagation. To the commenters this algorithm seems incorrect. The critical situation is a string which consists of a sequence of zeros followed by a -1; in such a case a carry is needed and the algorithm proposed is deemed incorrect. Consequently, it is pointed out that the proposed algorithm produces a correct multiplication result in conventional magnitude representation only if the signed-digit string does not have a sequence of 0's followed by a -1. The commenters show a multiplication example using the proposed conversion algorithm in which this situation occurs.     

Power Efficient SDR Implementation of IEEE 802.11a/p Physical Layer

Software defined physical layer modems can be considered the new trend in the field of communications. Differently from dedicated hardware, software can be easily modified to implement a large variety of standards on the same platform. The use of software can significantly reduce development costs, but generally comes at the price of an increase in silicon area and power consumption. For different reasons, this price is something that is not always convenient or even possible to pay, as in the case of low-cost ICs implementing a single waveform, or even multi-mode modems embedding legacy IPs already available in hardware. In particular, power consumption overhead can be prohibitive for mobile terminals or in general for battery-powered devices. The very first challenge for a computing fabric to be competitive is to find and implement the right trade-off between flexibility and performance. This was the guideline for the design of the Block Processing Engine (BPE), a template architecture conceived for power-efficient baseband processing. The BPE core feature is a mixed-grain instruction set balancing general-purpose fine-grain instructions with more specific coarse-grain instructions wrapping custom hardware modules. To further limit the power consumption, the BPE also implements instruction-pipelining, variable-size SIMD and multi-task support. To prove the efficiency of such an approach, a dual-mode IEEE 802.11a/p receiver has been implemented.     

Core–Shell Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen is a promising solution for the conversion and storage of solar energy. Because sluggish water oxidation is the bottleneck of water splitting, the design and preparation of an efficient photoanode is intensively investigated. Currently, all known photoanode materials suffer from at least one of the following drawbacks: ① low carriers separation efficiency; ② sluggish surface water oxidation reaction; ③ poor long-term stability; ④ insufficient water adsorption and gas desorption. Core–shell configurations can endow a photoanode with improved activity and stability by coating an overlayer that plays energetic, catalytic, and/or protective roles. The construction strategy has an important effect on the activity of a core–shell photoanode. Nonetheless, the mechanism for the improvement of performance is still ambiguous and is worthy of a closer examination. In this review, the successes and challenges of core–shell photoanodes for water oxidation, focusing on synthesis strategies as well as functionalities (facilitating carrier separation, surface reaction promotion, corrosion prevention, and bubble detachment) are explored. Finally, the perspectives of this class of materials in terms of new opportunities and efforts are discussed.     

Domains of attraction of Shalvi-Weinstein receivers

Domains of attraction (DoA) of Shalvi-Weinstein (1990) receivers are analyzed. It is shown that there is a one-to-one correspondence between DoA in the receiver parameter space and those in the global (or combined channel-receiver) parameter space. For general noiseless channels, DoA of SW receivers in the global response space are the minimum distance decision regions on a unit sphere. In the presence of noise and for the class of orthogonal channels, DoA of SW receivers for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) input signals are the minimum distance decision regions on an ellipsoid determined by the channel coefficients and the noise variance. The DoA in the receiver parameter space are also characterized for the general nonuniformly distributed sources. The size of the DoA is shown to be affected by the signal power, the signal constellation, the noise level, and the channel condition. It is also demonstrated that although the optima of the Shalvi-Weinstein algorithm and those of the constant modulus algorithm are one-to-one correspondent, their DoA are different in general     

Digital Laguerre filter design with maximum passband-to-stopband energy ratio subject to peak and Group delay constraints

In this paper, we formulate a general design of transversal filter structures with maximum relative passband-to-stopband energy ratio subject to complex frequency response constraints in the passband and the stopband as well as additional constraints such as constraints. These constraints are important for applications where the suppression of noise at certain frequencies are important. Additional constraints are introduced allowing approximately linear phase and constant group delay in the passband. For a given set of basis functions, the design problem can be formulated as a semi-infinite quadratic optimization problem in the filter coefficients, which are the decision variables to be optimized. In this paper, we focus on the design of digital Laguerre filter and digital finite impulse response (FIR) filter structures. A modified bridging algorithm is developed for searching for the optimum pole of the Laguerre filters. Design examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.