Ti对Nb-20Si-5Al超高温合金性能的影响

采用放电等离子烧结法(SPS)制备了Nb-20Si-5Al-xTi(x=0,18,20,22,摩尔分数)超高温合金,研究了Ti加入量对Nb-20Si-5Al合金的室温断裂韧度和高温抗氧化性的影响。结果表明,随着Ti加入量的增加,超高温合金的相组成由Nbss、Nb₅Si₃和Al3Nb相转变成为Nbss、(Nb,Ti)5Si3和Ti相。Ti能明显改善Nb-20Si-5Al超高温合金的断裂韧度和高温抗氧化性能,随着Ti加入量的增加均先提高然后降低,在Ti加入量为20%时,合金断裂韧度最大,为7.41 MPa·m^1/2,相比未加Ti时提高了约56.9%,其高温氧化速率最低,为0.72×10^-4g²/(cm⁴·h)。添加Ti元素后,其氧化产物中出现Ti₂Nb₁₀O₂₉、TiNb₂O₇、TiO₂等,可以提高其氧化膜的致密性,从而提高高温抗氧化性能。     

富铈混合稀土对再生铝硅合金组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDX)和差分扫描量热仪(DSC)等手段研究了富铈混合稀土对再生铝硅合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:富铈混合稀土能够明显细化合金晶粒,能将粗大的汉字状α-Fe变质为细小的形状,还生成了新的富稀土相。当富铈混合稀土添加量1%(质量分数)时,综合力学性能最佳。     

Effect of Si on the Formation and Growth of Intermetallic Compounds at Roll-Bonded Aluminum–Steel (Al-St) Interface

The formation and growth of intermetallic compounds (IMC) were investigated using the Al-St clad materials with additional different Si content to aluminum and steel substrate by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The addition of Si to Al (Al-0.8Si/St) can drastically delay the formation of IMC and accelerate the growth of IMC layer. The Si (Al-0.8Si/St) segregates at the interface and inhibits the diffusion of Al atom to steel before the IMC forms, which further decreases the diffusion depth of Al in the steel layer. By contrast, the addition of Si to St (Al/St-0.8Si) has limited impact on delaying the formation and decelerating the growth of IMC layer. The Si (Al/St-0.8Si) hardly affects the diffusion of Fe atom to the aluminum layer. Among the four clad materials, the major IMC layer (η-Fe₂Al₅) always exhibits the parabolic growth phenomenon. The addition of Si cannot influence the phase compositions of IMC at the interface between the η-Fe₂Al₅ layer and the aluminum. However, we observe an extra Fe-rich phase β₁-Fe₃Al at the interface between the Fe₂Al₅ layer and steel substrate in the Al-0.8Si/St clad material.     

添加剂对自反应喷射成形Ti（C0.3,N0.7）-TiB2基复相陶瓷结构及性能的影响

为了改善自反应喷射成形Ti(C0.3,N0.7)-TiB2基复相结构陶瓷坯件的组织和性能,以Ti-B4C-C(以蔗糖为前驱体)/5%(质量分数,下同)Al为基础体系,再分别添加不同质量分数的Co粉和Ni-Al合金粉(Co+Ni-Al),进行自反应喷射成形制备陶瓷坯件,所用自反应喷射成形是采用自蔓延高温合成粉体和空气火焰粉未喷涂技术相结合的涂覆成型。比较了Co和Ni-Al对喷射坯件组织结构及性能的影响。研究发现:加入10%(Co+Ni-Al)粉末后,坯件的主相仍为Ti(C0.3,N0.7)和TiB2,但发现少量由TiCo和TiNi组成的白色新相,Ti(C0.3,N0.7)晶粒显著细化,坯件的致密度、硬度和断裂韧性都有明显提高。保持Co+Ni-Al含量10%不变,随Co与(Co+Ni-Al)质量比的增大,Ti(C0.3,N0.7)晶粒尺寸趋于均匀,TiB2晶粒逐渐转变为规则的六方片晶,且晶粒尺寸变大,TiCo和TiNi在坯件中分布趋于均匀,坯件断裂韧性逐渐增加,而硬度和致密度逐渐下降。     

基于“1221模式”高职精细化工专业人才培养的研究与实践

吉林工业职业技术学院精细化学品生产技术专业按照"1221模式"构建了专业人才培养方案。从校企资源的整合、理论知识和实践技能培养关系的处理、双证书制度的建立和对毕业生的延伸培养进行了系统论述。实践表明,应用该模式进行人才培养符合高职教育的培养目标。     

A Chiral Salen-type Schiff Base Cu<Superscript>2+</Superscript> Complex for the Vinylic-type Polymerization of Norbornene

Abstract  

The chiral Salen-type Schiff base ligand H ₂ L (H ₂ L = (s)-(+)2,2′-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-1,1′-binaphthyl), was selected to obtain the new chiral Cu²⁺ complex CuL (1), which was found to catalyze the polymerization of norbornene (NBE). The complex shows the distinctively distorted geometry from a square-planar reactive center, this feature being suggested to account for the efficient catalysis on the vinylic-type polymerization of NBE, with moderate molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions.     

Mechanisms underlying the effects of membrane fouling on the nanofiltration of trace organic contaminants

The influence of membrane fouling on the retention of four trace organic contaminants - namely sulfamethoxazole, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, and triclosan - by nanofiltration membranes was investigated in this study. Humic acid, alginate, bovine serum albumin, and silica colloids were selected as model foulants to simulate various organic fractions and colloidal matter that are found in secondary treated effluent and surface water. The effects of membrane fouling on the separation process was delineated by comparing retention values of clean and fouled membranes and relate them to the membrane properties (under both clean and fouled conditions) as well as physicochemical characteristics of the trace organic contaminants. Membrane fouling was dependent on the physicochemical properties of the model foulants. Initial foulant-membrane interaction could probably be a major factor governing the process of membrane fouling particularly by the organic foulants. Such membrane-foulant interaction was also a dominating factor governing the effects of membrane fouling on the membrane separation efficacy. In good agreement with our previous study (Nghiem and Hawkes, 2007 [1]), the effects of fouling on retention were found to be membrane pore size dependent. In addition, results reported here suggest that these effects could also be foulant dependent. It was probable that the influence of membrane fouling on trace organic retention could be governed by four distinctive mechanisms: modification of the membrane charge surface, pore blocking, cake enhanced concentration polarisation, and modification of the membrane hydrophobicity. The presence of the fouling layer could affect the retention behavior of charged solutes by altering the membrane surface charge density. While the effect of surface charge modification was clear for inorganic salts, it was less obvious for the negatively charged pharmaceutical species (sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen) examined in this investigation, possibly due to the interference of the pore blocking mechanism. Evidence of the cake enhanced concentration polarisation effect was quite clear, particularly under colloidal fouling conditions. In addition, organic fouling could also interfere with the solute-membrane interaction, and therefore, exerted considerable influence on the separation process of the hydrophobic trace organic contaminant triclosan.     

含氟低表面能修饰的超双疏涂层制备及其性能

目的 制备具有良好机械稳定性和化学稳定性的超双疏涂层材料。方法 采用三种尺寸的微纳米二氧化硅和环氧树脂制成微纳米凹凸结构,在此基础上修饰低表面能的氟碳单分子层,制备超疏水超疏油涂层。分别利用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和X射线光电子能谱,对涂层表面的形貌和成分进行分析。通过接触角测量仪测试涂层表面的接触角和滚动角。经过砂纸摩擦、耐化学腐蚀和耐溶剂性能测试,分别评价超双疏涂层材料的耐磨损性和化学稳定性。结果 涂层对水、乙二醇和花生油等表面张力在34~72 mN/m范围内的液体具有超疏特性。砂纸上机械摩擦5次循环后,对花生油的接触角保持在155?以上,滚动角保持在5?以下;摩擦10次循环后,对水和乙二醇的接触角均保持在154°以上,滚动角保持在2.5?以下。涂层经pH=14的碱溶液和正庚烷浸泡,168 h后,对水和乙二醇仍保持超疏性能;96 h后,与花生油接触角在153?以上,滚动角在10?~20?之间。结论 该涂层具有良好的超疏水超疏油性能及良好的耐磨损性和化学稳定性,在工业领域具有较大的潜在应用价值。     

NiAlHf Coating on TiAl Substrate Prepared by EB-PVD

采用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)技术在Ti Al基体上制备Ni Al Hf涂层,结合氧化增重曲线的测试结果,研究了Ni Al Hf涂层对基体在900,950和1000o C空气中氧化行为的影响。采用X-射线衍射(XRD)研究表面的物相结构,XRD结果表明,沉积后表面形成β-Ni Al相,说明Hf固溶于其中。结果表明,在950o C氧化后涂层表面形成致密的氧化铝保护膜。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)被用来测试其表面的形貌和元素分布。结果表明,在氧化过程中,基体和涂层之间的元素发生互扩散。随着氧化时间的增加,涂层厚度减小,扩散区发生显著变化。采用显微硬度表征涂层的韧性,涂层的显微硬度(HV)为7050 MPa左右。Ni Al Hf涂层能提高基体高温抗氧化性能。     

浮法玻璃锡槽槽底冷却风系统优化节能措施

在浮法玻璃生产线中,锡槽槽底冷却风系统是保障锡槽安全运行的关键系统之一。本文从设备选择与布置、特别是喷嘴布置及控制系统等方面介绍了冷却风系统中一些行之有效的优化和节能措施。