A novel efficient clustering protocol for energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Networks - The utilization of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is proliferating in our daily life. It depends on the environmental monitoring such as weather tracking, battled field, etc....     

Optical properties of an isotrophic optically active medium at oblique incidence

The optical properties of an isotropic optically active medium at oblique incidence have been investigated. It was found that the amount of transmitted light converted from p polarization to s polarization and vice versa, through an isotropic optically active medium, is independent of the state of incident polarization. Though the optical rotation through the optically active medium is same for p and s polarization at normal incidence, it becomes different at oblique incidences.     

The influence of website functionality,drivers and perceived risk on customer satisfaction in online shopping: an emerging economy case

Information Systems and e-Business Management - The study analyzed website functionality, perceived risk and drivers of online shopping to evaluate their impact on customer satisfaction in India....     

Structure of diamond and diamond like carbon thin films grown by hot-filament chemical vapour deposition technique

Micro-crystalline diamond (MCD) and diamond like carbon (DLC) thin films were deposited on silicon (100) substrates by hot-filament CVD process using a mixture of CH₄ and H₂ gases at substrate temperature between 400–800°C. The microstructure of the films were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The low temperature deposited films were found to have a mixture of amorphous and crystalline phases. At high temperatures (> 750°C) only crystalline diamond phase was obtained. Scanning electron micrographs showed faceted microcrystals of sizes up to 2μm with fairly uniform size distribution. The structure of DLC films was studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry technique. An estimate of the amount of carbon bonds existing insp ² andsp ³ form was obtained by a specially developed modelling technique. The typical values ofsp ³/sp ² ratio in our films are between 1·88–8·02. Paper presented at the poster session of MRSI AGM VI, Kharagpur, 1995     

Kinetic Studies of Iron Ore–Coal Composite Pellet Reduction by TG–DTA

An attempt has been made to study the effect of coal quality on the reduction kinetics of iron ore–coal composite pellets under non-isothermal condition in inert atmosphere. During non-isothermal reduction of composite pellets, it is observed that (i) reduction rate of iron oxide increases with increasing temperature, (ii) reduction rate increases with increase in porosity of pellets and (iii) the computed values of activation energy (E) are lower during the initial stage of reduction (0.86–8.82 kJ mol⁻¹) than those in the later stages of reduction (12.37–38.32 kJ mol⁻¹). These values indicate that the initial stage reduction is controlled by gaseous diffusion mechanism and at final stage, mixed control reaction mechanism (i.e., both gaseous-diffusion and chemical reaction) is the rate controlling step. The present investigation aims at to assess the effect of Fe_tot/C_fix ratio in pellet, volatile matter in coal, and temperature on the reduction kinetics of iron ore–coal composite pellets using simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyser (TG–DTA).     

铁矿石粒度对生球团性能的影响(英文)

高炉和COREX工艺对铁矿球团的质量提出了要求。铁矿球团的质量由生球质量和焙烧参数决定。生球特性由矿石的成球行为和矿石特性决定,矿石特性包括矿石的化学成分、矿石本质(硬度)、比表面积和粒度分布。金达尔钢公司的铁矿石来自Bellary-Hospet地区的不同矿点。用于实验室研究的3种铁矿粉(矿1、矿2和矿3)来自3个不同的矿点。用矿1、矿2、矿3和矿4(混矿)制成不同的生球。矿石的邦德功指数的变化范围为6～11kWh/t。从矿石的本质来说,矿1较软,而矿3较硬,其硬度范围为:1～3。矿石的粒度范围为:-45μm占56%～68%。为理解矿石粒度对生球特性的影响,研究了生球的落下次数、压溃强度,干燥后压溃强度,孔隙度和堆密度。随着矿石粒度的降低,平均落下次数增加。平均落下次数的变化范围为6.5～14.7,不同矿石的生球落下次数的排序为矿1>矿2>矿4>矿3。矿1、矿2和矿4的生球GCS和DCS随着-45μm部分比例的增加而提高,在64%时达到最大值,而后随着-45μm部分比例的继续提高而降低。生球的GCS和DCS变化范围分别为1.35～2.77kg/p和2.3～5.4kg/p。生球的孔隙度随着矿石粒度的降低而下降,矿3的孔隙度较高,矿1的孔隙度较低,这和矿石的硬度相关。生球的堆密度随矿石粒度的降低而增大。生球的堆密度范围为2.0～2.3kg/m3,生球堆密度顺序为矿1>矿4>矿2>矿3。     

A convolve–multiply–convolve SAW processor for a transmultiplexer

A study of an analogue transmultiplexer element of an on-board multicarrier demodulator (MCD) using a surface acoustic wave (SAW) processor is made in this paper. The theoretical analysis and simulation results applying various windowing techniques on a convolve–multiply–convolve (CMC) SAW processor are presented. The primary objective of this analysis/simulation is to study the effect of windowing on the side-lobe rejection ratio (SLRR) of the analogue transmultiplexer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

双极场引晶体管:Ⅴ.双极电化电流理论(双MOS栅纯基)

本文报告用双极场引晶体管(BiFET)电化电流解析理论计算的内禀结构直流特性,晶体管有两块等同MOS栅,纳米厚度纯硅基,没有产生复合和俘获.用交叉双路或Z形单路递归循环算法,很快得到三个势变量的数字解:静电势,电子和空穴电化学势,从而算出电子和空穴表面和体积沟道电流.三种势边界条件主导地影响内禀结构直流特性,用20个量级跨度电流说明.(10-22～10-2 A/口,迁移率400cm2/(V·s),1.5nm厚栅氧化层,30nm厚纯基)强表面沟道内载流子空间电荷限制飘移电流起主导作用,除此以外理论上还观察到,体积沟道物理夹断导致经典飘移电流饱和,因德拜长度(25μm)远大于器件尺寸(25nm),纯基内少量电子和空穴载流子屏蔽消失导致纯基内体积沟道完全切断.这种切断是从在1952 Shockley结栅场引晶体管理论中描述的非纯基体积沟道物理夹断推理而来.