Piezoelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Nanodevices

A novel approach converts nanoscale mechanical energy into electric energy for self-powering nanodevices.In our own work, we've used piezoelectric zinc-oxide nanowire (ZnO NW) arrays to demonstrate a novel approach for converting nanoscale mechanical energy into electric energy. Here, we review the fundamental principle behind the nanogenerator, present an approach for improving its performance, and discuss some of the challenges we face in pushing this technology to reach its potential.     

CMTS＋CM技术实现有线电视网络双向传输原理

用CMTS＋CM技术实现宽带接入是有线电视的主流方向。本文对其传输的原理、技术指标、改造注意事项及综合性能进行了分析。     

Studies of substrate specificities of lipases from different sources

Although lipases are widely applied in a wide variety of reactions, available information on the factors that are responsible for the substrate specificities of lipases from different sources is scarce. In this paper, nine lipase‐producing microorganism strains were isolated from oil‐containing samples. The properties of these enzymes, including pH optima, temperature optima, thermal stability, and pH stability, vary significantly with the different sources from which these lipases were isolated. The substrate specificities of the nine lipases, including fatty acid and positional specificities, were also studied. The fatty acid specificities of the nine lipases were observably different toward 15 substrates with different carbon chain lengths, different saturation degrees and different side chains. The lipases from S₃ Penicillium citrinum (PCL), MJ₁ Aspergillus niger (ANL), MJ₂ Aspergillus oryzae (AOL), YM Bacillus coughing (BCL), S₉ Geotrichum candidum (GCL), and S₁₁ Candida lypolytica (CLL) showed the strongest specificities to short‐chain esters, and the other lipases showed strong selectivity for medium‐ or long‐chain and branched esters. The positional specificities were examined by analyzing the hydrolytic products of triolein catalyzed by the nine lipases, using TLC. The lipases can be mainly classified into two groups by their specificities for the ester bond at position 2 of triglycerides; one group can selectively hydrolyze the ester bond at position 2 of the triglycerides, the other group cannot. All these nine lipases were divided into four groups by hierarchical clustering analysis on the basis of the results of fatty acid and positional specificities.     

Porosity distribution in highly compressible cake: Experimental and theoretical verification of the dense skin

The rate of filtration and the water content of cake are influenced by the existence of a dense skin in a highly compressible cake. The phenomenon of the dense skin has been rarely studied, and its existence has not been verified experimentally. In this study, the porosity variation in a very compressible cake is measured by using a new experimental apparatus, and with this the existence of dense skin has been established experimentally. ‘Unified theory on solid-liquid separation’, a recently developed theory, is utilized for calculating the porosity variation in a very compressible cake.     

地面遥控可调弯接头的设计

钻进过程中,为实现定向控制目标,发明了地面遥控可调弯接头,它通过改变钻井液排量来使上、下花键轴在花键筒内上下滑动,由于各花键齿端部形状的特点,这一滑动会导致上、下花键筒之间发生转动,又由于上、下花键筒的转动轴线与它们的外表面不平行,就会使它们之间出现需要的各种弯角,从而在地面就能改变井下弯接头的结构弯角,满足定向控制技术的需要。整个调节过程花费时间很少,因此可节约钻井成本。     

Tri-amelia and phocomelia with multiple malformations resembling Roberts syndrome in a fetus: is it a variant or a new syndrome?

An initial Bentall operation was performed on a patient aged 38 years with annuloaortic ectasia and aortic regurgitation. An echocardiogram and RI angiogram revealed a perigraft aortic aneurysm on the same patient aged 45 years. The aneurysm gradually developed and the maximum diameter reached 90 mm in size. The Redo-Bentall operation (Piehler modification) was successfully done once again on the same patient aged 56 years. The anastmosis between the right coronary orifice and the graft was detached on all sides. The anastmosis between the left coronary orifice and the graft was detached two thirds of all sides.     

注入种子CuBr激光器中的光谱控制

报道了采用注入种子方法．对ＣｕＢｒ激光器进行激光模式控制的实验结果。实现了单纵模ＣｕＢｒ激光脉冲的注入放大，获得了功率为１００ｍＷ水平的窄线宽铜激光辐射．在理论上分析了短脉冲高增益激光器中注入种子过程，讨论了在注入种子ＣｕＢｒ激光器中进行光谱控制的实验结果．     

隧洞开挖网络进度的优化研究

本文以单项工程为研究对象,以隧洞工程为例,研究了单项工程施工所需用的时间。文中以施工单位所具有的资源,结合施工工作环境、作业空间为约束条件,以费用最小为目标函数,建立了优化模型。由资源的工作性能指标,利用模糊数学原理,对资源间的匹配程度作了定量分析,并进一步推出了不同匹配程度的资源对作业时间的影响的计算式。并从影响各工序完工时间的因素的随机性出发,利用数理统计理论,由各工序的细分活动的规律推出了各工序的完工需用时间的概率表达式,解决了工期与置信度间的关系。最后结合工程实例,求出了一定置信度下,不同资源供应时的最优工期。     

Nicalon-fibre-reinforced silicon-carbide composites via polymer solution infiltration and chemical vapour infiltration

A new, faster process was developed for the fabrication of Nicalon-fibre-reinforced SiC composites by combining polymer solution infiltration (PSI) and chemical vapour infiltration (CVI). The process led to the near-net-shape fabrication of fibre-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites and reduced infiltration time. Typical flexural strength and fracture toughness of these composites were 296 MPa and 10.9 MPa m^1/2 at room temperature (RT) and 252 MPa and 9.6 MPa m^1/2 at 1000 °C, respectively. The composites exhibited load-carrying capability after crack initiation.     

穿孔顶头表面氧化膜浅析

分析了穿孔顶头表面氧化膜的形成过程、性质、作用、界面行为，以及对顶头使用寿命的影响。指出了提高该氧化膜耐久性的途径。