Identification of injection and extraction wells from overspecified boundary data

In this paper, we focus on the identification of wells’ positions and fluxes/flows from the knowledge of overspecified data: hydraulic head and flux, on a part of the domain boundary. The used method is based on minimizing a constitutive law gap functional. We consider two inverse problems: in the first one overspecified conditions are available throughout the entire domain boundary; in the second inverse problem, in addition to the wells, boundary condition are also unknown on an inaccessible part of the domain boundary.     

Kinetic study of the aqueous free‐radical polymerization of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid via an online proton nuclear magnetic resonance technique

The free‐radical polymerization of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in aqueous media and in the presence of potassium persulfate (KPS) as a thermal initiator was studied. The ¹H‐NMR method was applied to record the reaction data in online gain. The effects of the monomer and initiator concentrations and also the reaction temperature were studied. The order of reaction with respect to the monomer was much greater than unity (1.94). None of the three theories describing an order of reaction higher than unity could predict the AMPS polymerization mechanism in this study. So, a new mechanism is presented. It is suggested that initiation took place through the formation of a complex between the initiator and monomer, and termination occurred not only by a bimolecular reaction but also by a monomolecular reaction. The order with respect to KPS was 0.49; this was consistent with classical kinetic theory. The determined activation energy at the overall rate of reaction was 92.7 kJ mol^?1 K^?1. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Exploring the limits of stress-enhanced hole mobility

Hole mobility is found to more than double in fabricated p-MOSFETs with SiGe source/drain due to longitudinal compressive stress in the channel exceeding 1 GPa. The maximum observed low-field mobility enhancement is 140% at a simulated stress level of 1.45 GPa. The mobility enhancement is approximately linear with stress at moderate levels but becomes super-linear above 1 GPa. An important consequence of this behavior is that for moderate stress levels, an average channel stress can be used to estimate the performance of transistors with a nonuniform stress distribution across the channel width. Two alternative approaches to model stress-enhanced hole mobility are suggested. Analysis of the physical effects behind the experimental observations reveals the relative roles of band repopulation and mass modulation. In addition, previously published wafer bending experiments with compressive stress levels below 400 MPa are used to implicitly verify the accuracy of the stress simulations.     

DMSO Chemically Alters Cell Membranes to Slow Exocytosis and Increase the Fraction of Partial Transmitter Released

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is frequently used as a solvent in biological studies and as a vehicle for drug therapy; but the side effects of DMSO, especially on the cell environment, are not well understood, and controls with DMSO are not neutral at higher concentrations. Herein, electrochemical measurement techniques are applied to show that DMSO increases exocytotic neurotransmitter release, while leaving vesicular contents unchanged. In addition, the kinetics of release from DMSO‐treated cells are faster than that of untreated ones. The results suggest that DMSO has a significant influence on the chemistry of the cell membrane, leading to alteration of exocytosis. A speculative chemical mechanism of the effect on the fusion pore during exocytosis is presented.     

Effects of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 nanoparticle-diesel fuel blends on the combustion,performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - This research investigates the effects of the addition of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 nanoparticles (30, 60 and 90 ppm) and Fe2O3–Al2O3 hybrid...     

Deposition of Superhydrophobic Fatty Acid-Coated Al2O3 Films by Spray Pyrolysis Method: Effect of Dispersion Mediums on Morphology and Roughness of the Layer

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - In the present study, the superhydrophobic surface was fabricated by spray pyrolysis method. The precursor for the spray process was the...     

An Imidazole-Based Antifungal Drug as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel in Hydrochloric Acid

An imidazole-based antifungal drug, namely ketoconazole (KETO), was evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and gravimetric method. Atomic force microscope was also utilized to investigate the corrosion inhibition properties and film formation behavior of KETO. The results showed that KETO is a good corrosion inhibitor for steel in acidic solution at different temperatures. The adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm, and the thermodynamic parameters were also determined and discussed. Quantum chemical approach was also used to calculate some electronic properties of the molecule in order to ascertain any correlation between the inhibition effect and molecular structure of KETO.     

Synchronization of Fractional Hyperchaotic Rabinovich Systems via Linear and Nonlinear Control with an Application to Secure Communications

International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems - This paper proposes two approaches for the synchronization of a fractional hyperchaotic Rabinovich master-slave pair. The first approach...     

An approach for simulating microstructures of polycrystalline materials

In this paper, an approach is identified using concepts in molecular dynamics (MD) and discrete element method (DEM) to generate the microstructure of polycrystalline materials. Using the proposed methods, different types of particles with different grain size and volume fraction in the real material, can be easily generated. It is assumed that the particles can be randomly packed together into a simulation region, by defining artificial interaction forces among them. Such forces may be either adopted from Van der Waals potential energy, or Hooke pair and gravity forces. The proposed method has proved to be fast due to the fact that the algorithm has been implemented on graphical processing units (GPU). Utilizing the Voronoi tessellation method, the set of the generated discrete grains have been altered to space-filling, adjoining polyhedrons with respect to the real geometry. Moreover, as an advantage, the boundary and the interface region of the microstructures were modeled.