Routing Correlated Data with Fusion Cost in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we propose a routing algorithm called minimum fusion Steiner tree (MFST) for energy efficient data gathering with aggregation (fusion) in wireless sensor networks. Different from existing schemes, MFST not only optimizes over the data transmission cost, but also incorporates the cost for data fusion, which can be significant for emerging sensor networks with vectorial data and/or security requirements. By employing a randomized algorithm that allows fusion points to be chosen according to the nodes' data amounts, MFST achieves an approximation ratio of 5/4log(k + 1), where k denotes the number of source nodes, to the optimal solution for extremely general system setups, provided that fusion cost and data aggregation are nondecreasing against the total input data. Consequently, in contrast to algorithms that only excel in full or nonaggregation scenarios without considering fusion cost, MFST can thrive in a wide range of applications     

Improved Thermal Performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by an Optimized Flip-Chip Design

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) on sapphire substrates have been studied for their potential application in RF power applications; however, the low thermal conductivity of the sapphire substrate is a major drawback. Aiming at RF system-in-a-package, the authors propose a flip-chip-integration approach, where the generated heat is dissipated to an AlN carrier substrate. Different flip-chip-bump designs are compared, using thermal simulations, electrical measurements, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and infrared thermography. The authors show that a novel bump design, where bumps are placed directly onto both source and drain ohmic contacts, improves the thermal performance of the HEMT     

An automated patient monitoring using discrete‐time wireless sensor networks

In recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are used for remote health monitoring. For remotely monitoring a patient, only the health information at different time points are not sufficient; predicted values of biomarkers (for some future time points) are also important. In this article, we propose a powerful statistical model for an efficient dynamic patient monitoring using wireless sensor nodes through Bayesian Learning (BL). We consider the setting where a set of correlated biomarkers are measured from a patient through wireless sensors, but the sensors only report the ordinal outcomes (say, good, fair, high, or very high) to the sink based on some prefixed thresholds. The challenge is to use the ordinal outcomes for monitoring and predicting the health status of the patient under consideration. We propose a linear mixed model where interbiomarker correlations and intrabiomarker dependence are modeled simultaneously. The estimated and the predicted values of the biomarkers are transferred over the internet so that health care providers and the family members of the patient can remotely monitor the patient. Extensive simulation studies are performed to assess practical usefulness of our proposed joint model, and the performance of the proposed joint model is compared to that of some other traditional models used in the literature.     

Channel Models for Inter-body Communication in Ultra Wideband-Based Body Area Networks

Wireless Personal Communications - Body area networks (BANs) are evolving tremendously over the years and with the progress in the area of internet of things, the BANs are more important than ever....     

Quasi-elliptic filter characteristics of an asymmetric defected ground structure

An asymmetric defected ground structure (DGS) with respect to a microstrip line is proposed. Its unit cell consists of two square slots connected with a rectangular slot by meandered transverse slots. The simulated, measured and equivalent circuit responses have been presented. The unit DGS pattern under microstrip line produces wide rejection bandwidth and high sharpness factor. Its elliptic band-reject filter response is modelled by appropriate LC equivalent circuit. Two such DGS cells under a microstrip line produce 3-pole quasi-elliptic bandstop filter response, which shows deeper attenuation without appreciable change in pole frequencies in comparison to single cell structure. Unit DGS pattern under coupled gap microstrip lines produces band-accept filtering characteristics. The frequency characteristics show a quasi-elliptic highpass filtering characteristics with sharp lower transition knee. Accordingly, an LC equivalent circuit is proposed. A cascaded band-accept and band-reject filter is proposed for designing a wideband bandpass filter. The bandwidth and centre frequency of the bandpass filter can be varied by choosing different set of DGS dimensions.     

An efficient current-based logic cell model for crosstalk delay analysis

Logic cell modelling is an important component in the analysis and design of CMOS integrated circuits, mostly due to nonlinear behaviour of CMOS cells with respect to the voltage signal at their input and output pins. A current-based model for CMOS logic cells is presented, which can be used for effective crosstalk noise and delta delay analysis in CMOS VLSI circuits. Existing current source models are expensive and need a new set of Spice-based characterisation, which is not compatible with typical EDA tools. In this article we present Imodel, a simple nonlinear logic cell model that can be derived from the typical cell libraries such as NLDM, with accuracy much higher than NLDM-based cell delay models. In fact, our experiments show an average error of 3% compared to Spice. This level of accuracy comes with a maximum runtime penalty of 19% compared to NLDM-based cell delay models on medium-sized industrial designs.     

Lossless compression of medical images using two-dimensional multiplicative autoregressive models

Presents new methods for lossless predictive coding of medical images using two dimensional multiplicative autoregressive models. Both single-resolution and multi-resolution schemes are presented. The performances of the proposed schemes are compared with those of four existing techniques. The experimental results clearly indicate that the proposed schemes achieve higher compression compared to the lossless image coding techniques considered.     

A quasi-3D analytical threshold voltage model of small geometry MOSFETs

Numerical 2D and 3D models of MOSFETs, which have been developed so far, are accurate but take enormous computer time and memory for their implementation. It restricts their use only to the design and development of submicron devices. A computationally faster, analytical quasi-3D model for the threshold voltage of small geometry MOSFETs, which should be useful for VLSI circuit simulation, has been presented in this paper. The model is based on a rigorous 2D analytical model. An equivalence between the analytical 2D model and the Yau's charge sharing model has been established, and the same has been utilized to incorporate the narrow width effect. The important features of the present work are: (1) realistic channel implantation profiles for nMOSFETs have been used in developing the 2D model; (ii) the effect of birds' beaks on the lateral confinement of charges in the channels of oxide isolated MOSFETs has been considered in a simple manner; and (iii) the fringing of electric field near the edges of channels (widths) has also been considered empirically. The simulated values of the threshold voltages exhibiting 2D and 3D effects compare well with those obtained using a numerical 3D simulator (MICROMOS) and with available experimental data. The model is also capable of predicting the inverse narrow width effect observed in MOSFETs with fully recessed field oxide.     

Wavelet and subband transforms: fundamentals and communicationapplications

Subband and wavelet transforms have been a subject of great interest, especially in the fields of signal processing and applied mathematics. This article presents a tutorial on this subject, emphasizing the fundamentals and the reason for its success, importance, and potential. Subband and wavelet transform applications in communications are also reviewed. These application areas include interference excision, spread spectrum codes based on subband transform bases, CDMA, and discrete multitone transceivers     

A Finite Element Computational Method for Gas Hydrate. Part II: Application

A finite element model has been applied to the dissociation of gas hydrates in porous media by hot water injection. In the first step, it was applied to calculate the temperature and saturation profiles for a two-phase convective heat transfer case. The second step involved hydrate thawing calculations with release of water and gas. Realistic results were obtained in predicting the temperature, pressure, and water saturation profiles in the hydrate medium with respect to time, when subjected to hot water injection at high pressure in a wellbore. Furthermore, the thaw front progression calculated by this scheme exhibits stable and satisfactory behavior with respect to time.