H-NMRU: An Efficient Cache Replacement Policy with Low Area

In present multi-core devices, the individual processors do not need to operate at the highest possible frequencies. Instead there is a need to reduce the power, complexity and area of individual processor components like caches. In this paper we propose a low area, high performance cache replacement policy for embedded processors called Hierarchical Non-Most-Recently-Used (H-NMRU). The H-NMRU is a parameterizable policy where we can trade-off performance with area. We extended the Dinero cache simulator with the H-NMRU policy and performed architectural exploration with a set of cellular and multimedia benchmarks. On a 16 way cache, a two level H-NMRU policy where the first and second levels have 8 and 2 branches, respectively, performs as good as the Pseudo-LRU policy with storage area saving of 27%. Compared to true LRU, H-NMRU on a 16 way cache saves huge amount of area (82%) with marginal increase of cache misses (3%). Similar result was also noticed on other cache like structures like branch target buffers. Therefore, the two level H-NMRU cache replacement policy (with associativity/2 and 2 branches on the two levels) is a very attractive option for caches on embedded processors with associativities greater than 4. We present a case-study where it can be used on the L2 cache with substantial gain in performance and area for single and dual core platforms.     

Fabrication of fluoropolymer-modified hydrophobic functionalization of cotton fabric by admicellar polymerization

Herein, a hydrophobic polyfluoroacrylate adhered cotton fabric having a smart affair with water under oil, is developed using a simple surfactant-assisted polymerization technique commonly known as admicellar polymerization of low surface energy trifluoroethyl acrylate monomer. The hydrophobicity of the treated substrates was determined by the contact angle. The results show that the cotton fabric became hydrophobic. The surface investigation conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided distinctive features of the untreated and treated fabric samples. The elementary analysis was also carried out on the substrate through energy dispersive X-ray to confirm the presence of hydrophobic groups. In addition to this, the hydrophobic cotton fabric shows excellent durability against home laundering and simple adhesive peel testing.     

Repetitive DNA sequence families in Crepis capillaris

Three families of tandemly repetitive DNA from Crepis capillaris were cloned and characterized. Data obtained from in situ hybridization indicate that these families are located mainly in the heterochromatic C-bands. The pCcH32 family hybridizes at the paracentromeric C-band of the NOR (nucleolus-organized region) chromosome and along most of the long arm of the same chromosome. The pCcD29 family is located in all the remaining C-bands of the karyotype, while the third family, pCcE9, is restricted to the more proximal C-bands. Nucleotide sequence comparisons between one cloned repeating unit from each DNA family showed some significant regions of homology between the families. We discuss the sequence relationships between the three DNA families and the significance of our data in relation to models of heterochromatin evolution, emphasizing the concepts of equilocality and the differentiation of the NOR-bearing chromosome. We also examine the possible role that chromosome disposition, in either mitotic or meiotic nuclei, plays in the distribution and homogenization of heterochromatic DNA sequences.     

Design and testing of a reversible ALU by quantum cells automata electro-spin technology

The Journal of Supercomputing - Arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a core component of a processor, is one of the thrust areas of the current research. Presently, ALU is designed by transistor-based CMOS...     

An approach toward design and development of an energy-aware VM selection policy with improved SLA violation in the domain of green cloud computing

The Journal of Supercomputing - With the rapid demand for service-oriented computing in association with the growth of cloud computing technologies, large-scale virtualized data centers have been...     

Eight Element Low-Cost Microstrip MIMO Antenna for Wi-MAX and 5G Applications

Wireless Personal Communications - In this communication, a low-cost four/eight-element MIMO antenna is proposed for Wi-MAX (IEEE 802.16d) and 5G applications band. A reverse U-shaped slot is...     

Benefits of sliceable photonic-based transponders in metro and long-haul networks

The multicast paradigm offers tremendous benefits in efficiency for transmitting data across optical networks, allowing a single client to send information to an entire set of endpoints. A multicast request is most efficiently provisioned through the creation of a tree, with the endpoints, or resources, occasionally serving as branching points. This practice can lead to the source of the request becoming disconnected from the associated resources should one of those branching resources fail. In cases where a large amount of data are currently in transmission, the ramifications of this failure can be severe. We propose an optimal solution through integer linear programming for the static protected multicast routing and wavelength assignment problem, where an entire set of requests is provisioned with built-in redundancy against single resource node failure. We compare the optimal performance against several heuristics and find that protection against this type of failure can be provided with the trade-off of increased wavelength consumption, compared to less-protected solutions.     

Photoelectrochemical splitting of water with nanocrystalline Zn1−xMnxO thin films: First-principle DFT computations supporting the systematic experimental endeavor

Photoelectrochemical splitting of water with nanocrystalline Zn_1−xMn_xO thin films was investigated. ZnO thin films with 1, 3, 5 and 7% at. Mn incorporation were synthesized by sol–gel method and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Mn incorporation coupled with variation in sintering temperature led to significant microstructural changes, which tentatively influenced the magnitude of optical absorption and charge carrier mobility, thereby impacting the performance of such systems towards photoelectrochemical splitting of water. Electronic structure computations based on first principle density functional theory (DFT) revealed electronic states of Mn being responsible for the marginally recorded red shift in bandgap energy. Photoelectrochemical measurements using thin films of 1% at. Mn:ZnO sintered at 600 °C yielded 3 times enhanced photocurrent at zero bias due to improved optical absorption. Plausible explanations for the effect have also been offered.