Partial deduction of logic programs wrt well-founded semantics

In this paper, we extend the partial deduction framework of Lloyd and Shepherdson, so that unfolding of non-ground negative literals and loop checks can be carried out during partial deduction. We show that the unified framework is sound and complete wrt well-founded model semantics, when certain conditions are satisfied.     

A way forward towards a technology-driven development of industry 4.0 using big data analytics in 5G-enabled IIoT

The evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the development of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). IIoT is one the widely applied areas to facilitate people in the manufacturing world. The adoption of IIoT automates sensing, capturing, communicating, and processing in real time. To understand how rapidly IoT and IIoT are growing, this article examines the emergence of 5G-enabled IIoT, current research trends in IIoT, key milestones achieved in IIoT, and IoT applications specific to 5G-enabled IIoT. The paper presents the state-of-the-art in networking layered framework of IIoT and comparing relationships of technologies of cloud computing as well as edge computing paradigms. We also explored the type of security attacks and their preventive measures in an IIoT-driven 5G technology. We have also highlighted the revolution of IIoT-driven 5G framework which satisfies the demands of IIoT applications.     

Coupled effect of multislips and activation energy in a micropolar nanoliquid on a convectively heated elongated surface

This research communication explores the impact of wall slips along with the suspension of nanomaterials in a chemically reactive micropolar liquid stream on a stretched surface with convective heating. Activation of energy is analyzed through the modified Arrhenius function. Radiative heat flux with nonlinearity and temperature-dependent thermal source (sink) are considered in the heat transmission process. The Cattaneo–Christov approach featuring the time of thermal relaxation is employed. Successive application of scaling analysis followed by the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg numerical approach delivered computational solutions for the partial differential equations delineating the problem under study. The response of flow variables for different values of various emerged physical variables is elaborated in detail via graphical and numerical presentations. Comparison of the outcome of the current analysis for certain cases is in accordance with the outcomes available in the literature. The findings reveal that pairs of velocity, microrotation, temperature, and species concentration oppositely reacted to both parameters of slip. The temperature of the nanofluid is improved by 18.5%, for specified values of radiation and temperature ratio parameters over that of the pure base liquid. Activation energy augments concentration. The drag coefficient declines with growing thermal and solutal Grashof numbers. Sherwood number is enhanced for higher values of the temperature difference and chemical reaction parameters.     

Synthesis and stability of chitosan gold nanocomposites: Effect of time of heating and concentration of reactant

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit red colour and is suitable for development of indicators based on colour change. This work investigated the influence of concentration of gold precursor and time of thermal treatment on the properties of chitosan gold nanocomposites. Three concentrations of gold, 5 mM, 10 mM, and 15 mM were used and the heating time studied were 5 min and 15 min. The UV–vis spectra, transmission electron microscopic characteristics, zeta potential, and visible colour were inspected. All the samples have shown distinct colour change and the characteristic surface plasmonic resonance peak at ~530 nm. The spectral properties, zeta potential, and particle dispersity were significantly affected by the concentration and time. Furthermore, the nanoparticles were exposed to frozen condition at −18 °C ± 2 °C. The absorbance maxima of surface plasmonic resonance peak have changed significantly in all the samples. The visible colour of chitosan gold nanocomposites has changed on freezing and the microscopic analysis demonstrated the clustering and change in shape of nanoparticles on freezing. The results suggest that the chitosan gold nanocomposites synthesised with 10 mM gold chloride and 5 min of heating can be efficiently used as freeze indicator.     

High-Performance Fluorinated Fused-Ring Electron Acceptor with 3D Stacking and Exciton/Charge Transport

A new fluorinated electron acceptor (FINIC) based on 6,6,12,12-tetrakis(3-fluoro-4-hexylphenyl)-indacenobis(dithieno[3,2-b;2′,3′-d]thiophene) as the electron-donating central core and 5,6-difluoro-3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-1-indanone as the electron-deficient end groups is rationally designed and synthesized. FINIC shows similar absorption profile in dilute solution to the nonfluorinated analogue INIC. However, compared with INIC, FINIC film shows red-shifted absorption, down-shifted frontier molecular orbital energy levels, enhanced crystallinity, and more ordered molecular packing. Single-crystal structure data show that FINIC molecules pack into closer 3D “network” motif through H-bonding and π–π interaction, while INIC molecules pack into incompact “honeycomb” motif through only π–π stacking. Theoretical calculations reveal that FINIC has stronger electronic coupling and more molecular interactions than INIC. FINIC has higher electron mobilities in both horizontal and vertical directions than INIC. Moreover, FINIC and INIC support efficient 3D exciton transport. PBD-SF/FINIC blend has a larger driving force for exciton splitting, more efficient charge transfer and photoinduced charge generation. Finally, the organic solar cells based on PBD-SF/FINIC blend yield power conversion efficiency of 14.0%, far exceeding that of the PBD-SF/INIC-based devices (5.1%).     

A Naive Bayes approach for URL classification with supervised feature selection and rejection framework

Web page classification has become a challenging task due to the exponential growth of the World Wide Web. Uniform Resource Locator (URL)‐based web page classification systems play an important role, but high accuracy may not be achievable as URL contains minimal information. Nevertheless, URL‐based classifiers along with rejection framework can be used as a first‐level filter in a multistage classifier, and a costlier feature extraction from contents may be done in later stages. However, noisy and irrelevant features present in URL demand feature selection methods for URL classification. Therefore, we propose a supervised feature selection method by which relevant URL features are identified using statistical methods. We propose a new feature weighting method for a Naive Bayes classifier by embedding the term goodness obtained from the feature selection method. We also propose a rejection framework to the Naive Bayes classifier by using posterior probability for determining the confidence score. The proposed method is evaluated on the Open Directory Project and WebKB data sets. Experimental results show that our method can be an effective first‐level filter. McNemar tests confirm that our approach significantly improves the performance.     

Complex impedance spectroscopy studies of PLZT (5/52/48) ceramics synthesized by sol–gel route

The polycrystalline perovskite Pb_0.95La_0.05(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ ceramic material was prepared by sol–gel route. Structural, phase formation and thermal properties were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The microstructural study was carried out using scanning electron microscope. The electrical properties of the ceramics were investigated within a wide range of both temperature (from 25 to 500 °C) and frequency (from 100 Hz to 1 MHz) using complex impedance spectroscopy. The impedance spectrum results indicate the decrease in dielectric constant with increase in frequency while the dielectric loss increases with frequency. The activation energy of the sample was calculated as 0.124 eV from the Arrhenius plot of dc conductivity vs. inverse of absolute temperature. The remnant polarization (P_r) and coercive electric fields (E_c) are found out as 5.97 μC/cm² and 8.89 kV/cm from the ferroelectric loop measured at room temperature.     

Differential expression and properties of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase isoforms in tomato leaves

In tomato leaves, excision and light treatments increase phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, which is contributed by three PAL isoforms. These isoforms possessed similar native and subunit Mr, but were different in their pI, Km for Phe and optimal pH for activity. Also these were differentially induced and affected by metabolites belonging to particular branches of phenylpropanoid pathway.     

Acidic bacterial proteases from Bacillus species as an alternative agent for scouring of cotton fabrics

Protease production by Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus cerus sources follows similar profiles with marginal differences in activity levels (690, 648?U/mL/min, respectively). Optimum pH values of proteases were closer to the neutral at 60°C. Lower scouring efficiency was observed in proteases produced by B. cerus compared to that of B. licheniformis, in terms of weight loss (4.0 and 3.34%), drop absorbency (1.59 and 3.28?s), extractable impurities (2.03 and 2.82%) and Ruthenium red binding (35 and 43%). Reduction in the tear strength was observed in protease-scoured samples compared to the alkali-scoured samples. FTIR results showed the elimination of nitrogen-containing compounds related to proteins, while the peaks related to wax, pectin were present in the scoured cotton samples.     

Low temperature,acidic, bacterial lipase for scouring of raw cotton fabrics

Bacterial lipase produced by Bacillus licheniformis is used for scouring of cotton fabrics under acidic pH (5.0–6.0) and low temperature (40–50°C) conditions compared to alkali scouring. Process conditions in lipase scouring were optimized using Taguchi method using L9 orthogonal array experimental set-up. Removal of lipid substances shows significant improvement in the drop absorbency values (2–20?s) with weight loss values in the range of 1.90–5.50%. Lipase treatment also results in reduced abrasion resistance, lower crease recovery angle (113–115°), and shows the potential for scouring cotton fabrics, commercially. Results of FTIR also substantiate the removal of waxy substances present in the raw cotton fibres.