The superconducting properties of PdHx≲1

Consecutive measurements of the magnetization curves and resistive transitions in magnetic fields have been made on PdH _xT (x=H/Pd=0.9801–0.9957) foils between 2 and 10.4 K. The interpretation of the results is complicated by the fact that the magnetization curves are extremely irreversible and the hydrogen is distributed inhomogeneously in the samples. However, an analysis of the results shows PdH to probably be a type I superconductor with aT _c of between 10.2 and 10.4 K, an H_C(0) somewhat less than 900 G, and a of around 0.6 at absolute zero. Forx below about 0.995, PdH _x becomes a type II superconductor due to the increasing resistivity of the material.     

Productive Interrelationships between Collaborative Groups Ease the Challenges of Dynamic and Multi-Teaming

Work organization and team membership is highly complex for modern workers. Teams are often dynamic as personnel change during a project. Dynamic team members have to be actively recruited and personnel changes make it harder for participants to retain group focus. Workers are often members of multiple groups. Though prior work has identified the prevalence of multi-teaming and dynamic teams, it has been unable to explain how workers cope with the challenges the new style of work should cause. This paper systematically characterizes the modern organizational landscape from an individual perspective, by studying how people typically organize work across their multiple collaborative groups. A unique contribution of our work is to examine the interrelationships between the collaborative groups individuals typically participate in. We introduce the notion of a collaboration profile to characterize these interrelations. We expected workers to be overburdened by contributing to multiple teams often with shifting personnel. However, we found that multi-teaming involves productive interrelationships between collaborative groups that ease some of the documented challenges of dynamic teams, such as goal setting, recruiting, and group maintenance. We define a typology that describes the various types of collaborative groups workers participate in, and provide examples of productive interrelations between collaborations. In characterizing interrelations between collaborations, we provide detailed examples of how people exploit resources across their different collaborations to address the problems of working in multiple dynamic teams.     

Fabrication and characteristic detection of graphene nanoelectrodes

Graphene has the advantages of high electrical conductivity, high heat conductivity, and low noise, which makes it a potential option for integrated circuits interconnection and nanoelectrodes. In this paper, we present a novel fabrication method for graphene nanoeletrodes with nanogap. First, graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is assembled to a chip with microelectrodes. Second, an atomic force microscopy (AFM) based mechanical cutting method is developed to cut the graphene into nanoribbons and nanoeletrodes with nanogap. Then the electronic property of a single nanodot is characterized using the garphene nanoelectrodes, demonstrating the effectiveness of the graphene nanoelectrodes. The fabricated graphene nanoeletrode pairs can be used as probes to detect single molecule in micro-environment, and show an attractive prospect for future molecular electronics applications.     

Fracture of crazes by the propagation of interfacial stress waves

Fracture of crazes in glassy polymers can occur by a quasi-brittle separation at the interface between the craze and the adjacent bulk. In some grades of polystyrene this type of fracture can take the form of a very regular pattern, the so-called mackerel pattern, of parallel or concentric craze strips as fracture alternates from one side of the craze layer to the other. The alternating pattern of fracture is determined by the coupling between stress waves propagating along the craze—bulk boundaries.     

Systems interface biology.

The field of systems biology has attracted the attention of biologists, engineers, mathematicians, physicists, chemists and others in an endeavour to create systems-level understanding of complex biological networks. In particular, systems engineering methods are finding unique opportunities in characterizing the rich behaviour exhibited by biological systems. In the same manner, these new classes of biological problems are motivating novel developments in theoretical systems approaches. Hence, the interface between systems and biology is of mutual benefit to both disciplines.     

北美最知名的石油天然气流量标定与研究机构——美国科罗拉多工程实验室简介

科罗拉多工程实验室的历史 美国科罗拉多工程实验室(以下简称CEESI)运营始于1951年,作为工程实验室,是科罗拉多大学工程学院的一项计划,用于研究、开发和测试军用火箭.1966年,这个非盈利机构从大学分离出来并迁址到现在的地址,改名为科罗拉多工程试验室(有限)公司.CEESI一直保持非商业性研究机构的状态,直到1986年两位知名计量权威Walt Seidl和Steve Caldwell收购了实验室,将它作为独立的商业性实验室开始运营.在其创立后的50多年间,CEESI一直是北美最知名的石油天然气流量标定和研究机构之一.     

Predicting change for individual psychotherapy clients on the basis of their nearest neighbors.

This study extended client-focused research by using the nearest neighbor (NN) approach, a client-specific sampling and prediction strategy derived from research on alpine avalanches. Psychotherapy clients (N = 203) seen in routine practice settings in the United Kingdom completed a battery of intake measures and then completed symptom intensity ratings before each session. Forecasts of each client's rate of change and session-by-session variability were computed on the basis of that client's NNs (n = 10-50 in different comparisons). Alternative forecasts used linear or log-linear slopes and were compared with an alternative prediction strategy. Results showed that the NN approach was superior to the alternative model in predicting rate of change, though the advantage was less clear for predicting variability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Benchmarking nanotechnology for high-performance and low-power logic transistor applications

Recently there has been tremendous progress made in the research of novel nanotechnology for future nanoelectronic applications. In particular, several emerging nanoelectronic devices such as carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors (FETs), Si nanowire FETs, and planar III-V compound semiconductor (e.g., InSb, InAs) FETs, all hold promise as potential device candidates to be integrated onto the silicon platform for enhancing circuit functionality and also for extending Moore's Law. For high-performance and low-power logic transistor applications, it is important that these research devices are frequently benchmarked against the existing Si logic transistor data in order to gauge the progress of research. In this paper, we use four key device metrics to compare these emerging nanoelectronic devices to the state-of-the-art planar and nonplanar Si logic transistors. These four metrics include: 1) CV/I or intrinsic gate delay versus physical gate length L/sub g/; 2) energy-delay product versus L/sub g/; 3) subthreshold slope versus L/sub g/; and 4) CV/I versus on-to-off-state current ratio I/sub ON//I/sub OFF/. The results of this benchmarking exercise indicate that while these novel nanoelectronic devices show promise and opportunities for future logic applications, there still remain shortcomings in the device characteristics and electrostatics that need to be overcome. We believe that benchmarking is a key element in accelerating the progress of nanotechnology research for logic transistor applications.     

Scaling Gross Primary Production (GPP) over boreal and deciduous forest landscapes in support of MODIS GPP product validation

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Radiometer (MODIS) is the primary instrument in the NASA Earth Observing System for monitoring the seasonality of global terrestrial vegetation. Estimates of 8-day mean daily gross primary production (GPP) at the 1 km spatial resolution are now operationally produced by the MODIS Land Science Team for the global terrestrial surface using a production efficiency approach. In this study, the 2001 MODIS GPP product was compared with scaled GPP estimates (25 km²) based on ground measurements at two forested sites. The ground-based GPP scaling approach relied on a carbon cycle process model run in a spatially distributed mode. Land cover classification and maximum annual leaf area index, as derived from Landsat ETM+ imagery, were used in model initiation. The model was driven by daily meteorological observations from an eddy covariance flux tower situated at the center of each site. Model simulated GPPs were corroborated with daily GPP estimates from the flux tower. At the hardwood forest site, the MODIS GPP phenology started earlier than was indicated by the scaled GPP, and the summertime GPP from MODIS was generally lower than the scaled GPP values. The fall-off in production at the end of the growing season was similar to the validation data. At the boreal forest site, the GPP phenologies generally agreed because both responded to the strong signal associated with minimum temperature. The midsummer MODIS GPP there was generally higher than the ground-based GPP. The differences between the MODIS GPP products and the ground-based GPPs were driven by differences in the timing of FPAR and the magnitude of light use efficiency as well as by differences in other inputs to the MODIS GPP algorithm—daily incident PAR, minimum temperature, and vapor pressure deficit. Ground-based scaling of GPP has the potential to improve the parameterization of light use efficiency in satellite-based GPP monitoring algorithms.     

Violet

Violet is an easy-to-use theorem prover based on locking resolution, with integrated equality extensions that use term rewriting and Knuth–Bendix completion. Violet participated in the CADE-13 ATP System Competition.