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21.
This paper considers the behaviour of a two degree-of-freedom autonomous system with static and dynamic friction consisting of two blocks linked by springs on a moving belt. This system is the simplest model which has been used to simulate the dynamics of seismic faults. The friction force is assumed to be a decreasing function of the relative sliding velocity. The motion of the blocks is composed of a uniform stick motion, during which the divergence of the system is zero, and an accelerated slip motion, during which the divergence is positive. The mathematical model by definition concentrates the dissipation on the point where the slip motion ceases. It is assumed that slip occurs only in one direction. A three-dimensional Poincaré map and a scalar single variable map are discussed which characterize the dynamics of the system in a simple way. The one-dimensional map can be used to diagnose the chaotic behaviour of the full system, and quantities, similar to Lyapunov exponents, can be easily calculated which provide information regarding the system-sensitive dependence on initial conditions. The system dynamics illustrate the idea of studying the earthquake generation mechanism as a chaotic phenomenon. 相似文献
22.
对经固溶处理的二种Al-Li合金(1.94wt.%Li和2.75wt.%Li)的时效过程进行了研究。结果表明:δ’的生长速率遵从Ostward粗化动力学。1.94wt.%Li合金δ’产生于时效过程中,而2.75wt.%Li合金的δ’产生于时效的前期阶段。前者的表现体积分数明显大于根据相图估算的数伍,真实体积分数则与此值接近;后者的体积分数低于根据相图估算的数值,这可能归咎于δ’固相线的位置、统计学误差及Li更易在时效过程中贫化。 相似文献
23.
Ackerman Steven J.; Hilsenroth Mark J.; Knowles Eric S. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,42(2):225
The present study examines the concurrent and predictive relationships between therapist psychodynamic-interpersonal activity and therapist-rated alliance. Ratings from 45 patient and therapist dyads engaged in short term psychodynamic psychotherapy from a point early (3rd or 4th session) and late (the session at which 90% of the treatment was completed) in treatment were used. The results suggest that therapists who have positive views of the alliance early in treatment also have positive views of the alliance later in treatment. Therapists who used psychodynamic-interpersonal activities early in treatment also made use of psychodynamic-interpersonal activities later in treatment. Moreover, the use of psychodynamic-interpersonal activities early in treatment was positively related to both global and specific aspects of therapist-rated alliance late in treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
24.
We demonstrate differences between reducibilities and corresponding completeness notions for nondeterministic time and space classes. For time classes the studied completeness notions under polynomial-time bounded (even logarithmic-space bounded) reducibilities turn out to be different for any class containingNE. For space classes the completeness notions under logspace reducibilities can be separated for any class properly containingLOGSPACE. Key observation in obtaining the separations is the honesty property of reductions, which was recently observed to hold for the time classes and can be shown to hold for space classes.The work of S. Homer was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grants MIP-8608137 and CCR-8814339 and a Fulbright-Hays Research Fellowship. Some of this research was done while he was a Guest Professor at the Mathematics Institute of Heidelberg University. 相似文献
25.
PURPOSE: To identify the issues cited in claims for alleged medical negligence in cases of refractive surgery. METHODS: One hundred and one cases of alleged medical negligence following refractive surgery were analysed by a single expert witness. Valid features of the statement of claim and issues identified by the expert as being relevant to the outcome were assessed. RESULTS: Sixty-five percentage of claims included issues of consent. In one third of these cases the Claimant had particular risk factors for which especially careful counselling was warranted. For 29% of claims there were contraindications to surgery. In 24% there was surgical error resulting in a compromised outcome. In 23% there was avoidable delay in instituting medical management for post-operative complications. Four percentage of cases were precipitated by a second opinion where the clinician giving the opinion was not fully conversant with the facts. CONCLUSIONS: The number of claims could be substantially reduced by: (1) Instituting proper policies for consent with full documentation throughout the process; (2) Ensuring that surgeons are adequately trained in evaluating pre-operative tests and allowing surgeons adequate time to assess patients prior to surgery; (3) Moderating the case-load for surgery; (4) Ensuring that patients have easy access to medical care post-operatively; (5) Keeping comprehensive and accurate records. 相似文献
26.
Amit Chourasia Steve Cutchin Yifeng Cui Reagan W Moore Kim Olsen Steven M Day J Bernard Minster Philip Maechling Thomas H Jordan 《Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE》2007,27(5):28-34
This study focuses on the visualization of a series of large earthquake simulations collectively called TeraShake. The simulation series aims to assess the impact of San Andreas Fault earthquake scenarios in Southern California. We discuss the role of visualization in gaining scientific insight and aiding unexpected discoveries. 相似文献
27.
O'Driscoll Michael P.; Poelmans Steven; Spector Paul E.; Kalliath Thomas; Allen Tammy D.; Cooper Cary L.; Sanchez Juan I. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,10(4):326
This study examined organizational family-responsive policies, perceptions of the organization as family supportive, and supervisor support as issues that may be salient to the experience of conflict between paid employment (work) and family roles. Data were collected from 355 managerial personnel in New Zealand. Although work-family conflict and psychological strain were strongly linked, the availability of organizational policies had no significant association with levels of conflict or strain, whereas policy usage was related only to work-to-family interference and not to family-to-work interference. On the other hand, perceptions of the organization as family supportive and supervisor support for work-family balance displayed significant relationships with key variables, highlighting the importance of these variables for interventions designed to ameliorate the negative impact of work-family conflict on managerial well-being. Implications for the effective implementation of family-responsive interventions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
28.
Koenen Karestan C.; Stellman Jeanne Mager; Stellman Steven D.; Sommer John F. Jr. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,71(6):980
Risk factors affecting the course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are poorly understood. As part of a larger study on characterizing exposure to herbicides in Vietnam, the authors investigated this issue in a random sample of 1,377 American Legionnaires who had served in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War and were followed over a 14-year period. High combat exposure, perceived negative community attitudes at homecoming, minority race, depression symptoms at Time 1, and more anger at Time 1 predicted a more chronic course. Community involvement at Time 1 was protective and associated with decreased risk at Time 2. Discomfort in disclosing Vietnam experiences was associated with an increased risk for developing PTSD but did not predict its course. Combat exposure predicted PTSD course more strongly than any other risk factor. Findings suggest recovery from PTSD is significantly influenced by perceived social support. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
29.
A series of novel poly(hydroxy ethers) have been prepared via polymerization of the diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol-A ( 4 ), 4,4 ′-tribromotetramethylbiphenol ( 6a ), and 4,4 ′-tetrabromotetramethylbiphenol ( 6b ) with a variety of rigid diols in an effort to systematically modify structural features of the phenoxy repeat unit in order to control the torsional mobility of polymer backbones and produce materials with softening temperatures higher than are typical for the class. The resulting poly(hydroxy ethers) displyed glass transition temperatures ranging from 109 to 242°C. There of the polymers were characterized with respect to tensile and impact properties and were compared to the polymer sythesized from bisphenol-A ( 1 ) and bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether ( 4 ). 相似文献
30.
We have studied the short term C mineralization of six wastes from important food industries, one sludge from a biogas plant and three composts. All the wastes were characterized chemically and fractionated according to the Van Soest method. The fresh wastes were incubated under controlled environment conditions to determine the C mineralization rate. Based on first order mineralization kinetics, we calculated the hypothetical amount of stable C in the wastes as the amount of C that would not be mineralized within one year under field conditions. The percentage of stable organic C in the organic matter was in general much larger in the composts than in the other wastes, but when expressed on dry matter, the non-composted wastes had comparable or larger amounts of stable organic C than the composts and have a considerable potential for supplying organic matter to soils, and hence for C sequestration. The amount of stable organic C could best be predicted by the total N content of the wastes (R
a
2 = 0.855), whereas the results of the fractionation had very little predictive power, probably due to problems related to the high ash content of some of the wastes. An index that combined stable organic C and N and P content in the wastes was calculated to assess possible limitations for applying these wastes in agriculture. Under current nutrient legislation in Western Europe, a number of these wastes will only be usable in small amounts, but these and other food industry wastes could still prove to be valuable soil amendments in nutrient poor situations, for increasing soil organic C content and supplying nutrients. 相似文献