THE REACTION OF C60F20 WITH ANTHRACENE: FORMATION OF AN OXIDISED-ANTHRACENE 1 : 1 COMPLEX

The reaction of C₆₀F₂₀ (“Saturnene”) with anthracene yields a white 1 : 1 cycloadduct (1) in which two oxygen atoms have inserted into the anthracene framework due to fullerene-catalysed oxidation; the ¹⁹F NMR spectrum of the product shows evidence of through-cage homoconjugation.     

Training in medical psychology: A survey of graduate and internship training programs.

Surveyed American Psychological Association-approved doctoral and internship programs in clinical and counseling psychology regarding training opportunities in medical psychology. 42 graduate and 65 internship programs responded. Results indicate that the majority of both types of programs offered didactic and experiential training, including diagnostic and therapeutic activities with a wide variety of medical/surgical patients. There appears to be a sufficient number of faculty psychologists with special interest and/or expertise in this area to adequately prepare new psychologists for employment in medical centers and other types of medical settings. (9 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Electrical properties of pyrrole and its copolymers

Electrochemically prepared polypyrrole films have metallic conductivities in the range 40–100 S cm^?1 whereas poly-N-methyl pyrrole films have conductivities more typical of a semiconductor, t/if 10^?3 S cm^?1. Films made by the electrochemical polymerization of mixtures of pyrrole and N-methyl pyrrole have redox potentials intermediate between those of either monomer, indicating that they are in fact random copolymers. The electrical conductivity and thermopower measured as a function of copolymer composition show no evidence for an abrupt metal-semiconductor transition. All these polymers are stable in air to temperatures in excess of 100°C.     

The mechanism of arsenic pentafluoride doping of polyacetylene

Doping of polyacetylene with arsenic pentafluoride is found to involve oxidation of the polymer according to the mechanism: 2(CH)_x + 3AsF₅ → 2(CH)⁺_x + 2AsF⁻₆ + AsF₃. The AsF⁻₆ ions intercalate beteeen the polymer chains in a nonrandom fashion. Oxidation of the polymer is accompanied by replacement of the original interband transition in the visible by a featureless transition extending into the infrared. Treatment of the doped polyacetylene with ammonia destroys the enhanced conductivity and regenerates a visible spectrum similar to that of the undoped polymer but somewhat blue-shifted. Possible explanations are offered for these results in terms of the proposed mechanism of doping.     

Electrical Conductivity and Sensitive Characteristics of Ag-Added BaTiO_3-CuO Mixed Oxide for CO_2 Gas Sensing

Carbon dioxide gas sensors based on BaTiO3-CuO composite with different concentrations of Ag addition(1,1.5 and 2 wt%) have been prepared by stander ceramic method and sintered at 500 and 700℃ for 5 h.Electrical conductivity and gas sensing properties of the prepared samples were investigated.Electrical conductivity measurement was used to characterize the obtained sintered sensor pellets.It was found that electrical conductivity and the sensitivity to CO2 were improved with Ag addition and sintering.The correlation between Ag content at different sintering temperature and sensing characteristics towards CO2 is discussed.     

Evaluation of Vapor Pressure and Ultra-High Vacuum Tribological Properties of Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquids are a class of salts that incorporate polyatomic anions and cations. These materials are typically viscous fluids at room temperature. The fluids are generally characterized as possessing negligible vapor pressures under ambient conditions. These beneficial properties have led us to study the effectiveness of ionic liquids containing both organic cations and anions for use as lubricants with space applications. This article presents vapor pressure measurements for four ionic liquids as well as friction coefficient data from a spiral orbit tribometer in the boundary lubrication regime under simulated space conditions using stainless steel tribocouples. In addition, we present the first tribological data on mixed ionic liquids and an ionic liquid additive. Postmortem infrared and Raman analyses of the balls and races indicates that the major degradation pathway for these organic ionic liquids is similar to those of other carbon-based liquid lubricants; that is, deterioration of the organic structure into amorphous graphitic carbon. The coefficients of friction and lifetimes of these lubricants are comparable to or better than those of several commonly used space oils.     

Assessment of the Effectiveness of a Constructed Compound Channel River Restoration Project on an Incised Stream

Compound channels are often constructed in restoration projects on rivers and streams that have been channelized or are deeply incised. This design allows for flow over a wider cross-sectional area during high flows and is expected to reduce both flow velocities and bed-shear stresses in the channel during high flows. Using a compound channel restoration project on Tassajara Creek as a case study, the effectiveness of a constructed compound channel in reducing channel velocities and bed-shear stresses during high flow events was tested in two ways. First, since this is an a posteriori analysis, postproject surveys and assessments of the project are used to demonstrate the geomorphic and ecological benefits of the constructed compound channel for reducing further channel incision, improving channel stability, and enhancing native riparian vegetation, while still providing conveyance capacity for design flood flows. Second, the effectiveness of a constructed compound channel in reducing channel velocities and bed-shear stresses during high flow events is evaluated using both the one-dimensional (1D) model, HEC-RAS, and the three-dimensional (3D) numerical model, UnTRIM. This analysis demonstrates that the 1D analysis does not accurately portray the benefits of the compound channel, and is therefore not a suitable tool for evaluating the effectiveness of compound channel designs. These results demonstrate the advantages of using a 3D model and make a strong case for the implementation of more detailed hydrodynamic modeling in evaluating the suitability of restoration alternatives to improve the planning and design of river restoration projects.     

Influence of conveyance methods for pulverised coal injection in a blast furnace

Pulverised coal injection (PCI) is a widely adopted industry practice for reducing blast furnace coke rates. The conditions under which pulverised coal (PC) is injected and combusted, including the co-injection of natural gas (NG), can lead to complex combustion phenomena inside the blast furnace, which must be understood to provide improved furnace performance. This research examines computational simulations of the co-injection phenomena, as well as the industrial drivers behind the project. A wide-ranging parametric study was conducted utilising numerous variations in furnace operating conditions, as well as a new technique for the conveyance of PC. It was found that utilising NG as the carrier gas for PCI could increase coal burnout across the raceway region from about 71% to approximately 87% without altering the design of the tuyere/blowpipe region, with an increase to 96% possible if a shift to a dual lance design for NG injection is considered.     

Towards risk‐based water resources planning in England and Wales under a changing climate

The publication of the UKCP09 climate change projections for the United Kingdom provides the opportunity for more rigorous inclusion of climate change uncertainty in water resources planning. We set out how the current approach to incorporating climate change and other uncertainties in water resources planning may be updated to incorporate the UKCP09 projections. In an uncertain future, the frequency with which customers will experience water shortages cannot be predicted for sure, so a water company cannot predict definitely whether it will or will not fulfil its Level of Service commitments. We therefore go on to propose that the probability of failing to meet Level of Service (for given populations of customers) provides an appropriate metric of risk, which conveniently summarises the uncertainties associated with supply and demand, including climate change uncertainties. We sketch out how this risk metric can be calculated based upon simulation modelling of the water resource system.