Utilizing 3D flow of points for facial expression recognition

This paper presents an approach to recognize Facial Expressions of different intensities using 3D flow of facial points. 3D flow is the geometrical displacement (in 3D) of a facial point from its position in a neutral face to that in the expressive face. Experiments are performed on 3D face models from the BU-3DFE database. Four different intensities of expressions are used for analyzing the relevance of intensity of the expression for the task of FER. It was observed that high intensity expressions are easier to recognize and there is a need to develop algorithms for recognizing low intensity facial expressions. The proposed features outperform difference of facial distances and 2D optical flow. Performances of two classifiers, SVM and LDA are compared wherein SVM performs better. Feature selection did not prove useful.     

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF HEAT TRANSFER OVER A MOVING SURFACE DUE TO IMPINGING KNIFE-JETS

Turbulent flow field and heat transfer from an array of impinging horizontal knife jets on a moving surface have been investigated using large eddy simulation (LES) with a dynamic subgrid stress model. The surface velocity directed perpendicular to the jet plane is varied up to two times the jet velocity at the nozzle exit. Performance of a horizontal knife jet with an exit angle of 60° is compared with the standard axial jet. It has been observed that increasing surface motion reduces heat transfer for both types of jets. However, the amount of heat transfer from the knife jets is more than that from the axial jets when the surface velocity is within the order of half the jet velocity at the nozzle exit. For further increase in surface velocity, heat transfer from the knife jets is, however, less than that in the case of axial jets if the Reynolds number (Re) is low. For higher Re and higher surface velocity, the heat transfer from either type of jets is of comparable magnitude.     

Anomalous Dilatometric Response of Hot-Worked Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr Alloy: In Terms of Evolution of Microstructure,Texture and Residual Stress

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - The Ti-5553 alloy has high strength close to that of the β Ti alloy for applications in high-strength structural components. In this article,...     

Microstructures,Forming Limit and Failure Analyses of Inconel 718 Sheets for Fabrication of Aerospace Components

Recently, aerospace industries have shown increasing interest in forming limits of Inconel 718 sheet metals, which can be utilised in designing tools and selection of process parameters for successful fabrication of components. In the present work, stress-strain response with failure strains was evaluated by uniaxial tensile tests in different orientations, and two-stage work-hardening behavior was observed. In spite of highly preferred texture, tensile properties showed minor variations in different orientations due to the random distribution of nanoprecipitates. The forming limit strains were evaluated by deforming specimens in seven different strain paths using limiting dome height (LDH) test facility. Mostly, the specimens failed without prior indication of localized necking. Thus, fracture forming limit diagram (FFLD) was evaluated, and bending correction was imposed due to the use of sub-size hemispherical punch. The failure strains of FFLD were converted into major-minor stress space (σ-FFLD) and effective plastic strain-stress triaxiality space (ηEPS-FFLD) as failure criteria to avoid the strain path dependence. Moreover, FE model was developed, and the LDH, strain distribution and failure location were predicted successfully using above-mentioned failure criteria with two stages of work hardening. Fractographs were correlated with the fracture behavior and formability of sheet metal.     

Comparison of FBTR hybrid core and Mark-II (carbide) core design and neutron irradiation in invessel shields

Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) in Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, India is presently operating with a combination of Mark-I (PuC 70% and UC 30%) and Mark-II (PuC 55% and UC 45%) fuels. Recently it became necessary to review the type of fuel for the FBTR core due to the use of oxide fuel for the PFBR under construction at Kalpakkam. A full Mark-II core was earlier designed to take the reactor to higher power. An alternate strategy of having hybrid core with Mark-I fuel at the centre and MOX fuel at the periphery was also studied. MOX subassemblies have a fissile column length of 43 cm which is higher than Mark-I subassemblies (32 cm). The lower position of these subassemblies is closer to the grid plate and therefore there was a concern on the grid plate fluence below the MOX fuel. It is interesting to compare the dose rates to the grid plate in the two above design as the doses determine reactor life. Many 2-D R-Z transport calculations were carried out for FBTR including all regions of interest like borated graphite and carbon steel in the top shield and vault concrete to obtain 175 group neutron flux distribution in Vitamin J structure with IGC-S3 self shielded cross-section set. The radiation damage to grid plate below MOX part is found to be less than that below Mark-I part of hybrid core in spite of longer fissile column length. Similar behaviour is seen for helium production as well. Comparison showed that the difference in fluence in the grid plate region is less than 3% between the two core designs.     

Physics based modelling and analysis of IPMC vibration energy harvester

Advancement in smart materials and decrease in power requirement of electronic devices motivates researchers to use smart materials for energy harvesting applications. In this study, a physics-based modelling approach by considering the effect of convective transport on cation migration and the effect of local deformation on anion concentration is used to model IPMC based vibration energy harvester and solved with the help of COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 finite element method. The present harvester model voltage and power output under fixed load resistance, and power output under variable load resistance for both excitation frequencies (2 Hz and 5 Hz) and both excitation amplitudes (3 mm and 5 mm) are analysed by both FEM and experimental results. At 5 Hz and 5 mm excitation amplitude and frequency, the peak voltage is 171.9 mV, and the peak power is 60.48 nW for 2 Hz excitation and 5 mm amplitude of mechanical vibration. According to the findings, physics-based modelling can be utilized to develop and analyse IPMC vibration energy harvesters. It will also be useful for analyzing IPMC-based sensors and actuators.

     

Chromium and nickel migration study through fine grained soil

A comprehensive laboratory-scale investigation was carried out to explore the toxic metal attenuation capacity of a field clay sample collected from adjoining areas of an ash pond site of a Super Thermal Power Plant in West Bengal, India. The existence of two major elements viz., Cr⁶⁺and Ni²⁺ in excess to permissible limit was observed in soil and water samples collected from the site. Batch kinetic performance results exhibited reasonable Cr⁶⁺and Ni²⁺ uptake capacity of soil in equilibrium condition. The experimental data also fitted well in Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption behaviour of above pollutants in both vertical and horizontal directions through soil was explored. The results showed that more than 80% of Ni and 72% of Cr were found to be sorbed by the soil. Breakthrough adsorption study also showed a good metal adsorption capacity of soil.