有机-无机杂化体异质结太阳电池研究现状

有机-无机杂化体异质结太阳电池以无机半导体纳米晶作为电子受体,共轭聚合物作为电子给体,是近年来的一个研究热点。在设计上,有机-无机杂化材料兼具有机材料的柔性、结构多样性、易加工和无机材料载流子迁移率高、稳定性好的优势,具有良好的发展前景。介绍了有机-无机杂化体异质结太阳电池的结构、工作原理,从共轭聚合物、无机半导体纳米材料以及电池制备工艺3个方面综述了近年来国内外研究现状,主要包括有机-无机杂化体异质结太阳电池中常用共轭聚合物结构、带隙,无机纳米晶种类、形貌、表面改性以及有源层厚度、形貌调控等内容。着重介绍了基于CdSe、TiO2、PbS类纳米晶的太阳电池。最后讨论了有机-无机杂化体异质结太阳电池目前存在的问题和发展方向。     

解析“工业互联网”与“工业4.0”及其对中国制造业发展的启示

21世纪以来,欧美等发达国家和地区加快发展先进制造业,以美国"工业互联网"与德国"工业4.0"最为典型。"工业互联网"与"工业4.0"引起了全球制造业的产品开发、生产模式和制造价值实现方式的转变。为了巩固与提升中国制造业的全球地位,加快从制造大国迈向制造强国,必须要推进"两化"深度融合、坚持创新驱动、强化智能制造基础、重视高技能人才培养、加强制造业国际合作。     

铜冶炼电尘灰中铜回收工艺的工业应用

烟台恒邦集团有限公司铜冶炼过程产生的电尘灰中含有金、银、铜、铅、铋等有价元素,其中铜含量较高,但一直采取外售方式进行处置,未能对有价元素,尤其是铜进行有效回收。该文针对冶炼电尘灰中铜的回收工艺进行了试验研究,主要包括酸浸、压滤、萃取、电积工艺,并生产出阴极铜,有效回收了电尘灰中的铜,提取铜后的尾渣可作为提金尾渣综合回收系统的原料对冶炼电尘灰中的金进行有效回收,从而实现了铜综合回收工艺的工业化应用,实现了企业经济效益的最大化。     

南岭地区多金属矿床铅同位素组成差异分析

南岭地区是我国多金属矿床重要的基地,为了解该区多金属矿床成矿物质来源特点方面的差异,选择利用铅同位素示踪技术,对区内黄沙坪、宝山、凡口、大宝山、大厂5个不同多金属矿床成矿物质来源特征进行统计分析。结果表明,黄沙坪、宝山、大宝山3个多金属矿床中铅的来源相同且形成于燕山运动第一次成矿期高峰期(180~155 Ma),凡口、大厂2个多金属矿床铅的来源相同,形成于燕山运动第二成矿高峰期(115~90 Ma)。南岭地区多金属矿床形成的构造背景与华南地区中生代处于拉张构造背景一致,多金属矿床的形成是晚中生代以来华南地区岩石圈伸展作用的结果。     

X‐Ray Spectroscopic Investigation of Chlorinated Graphene: Surface Structure and Electronic Effects

Chemical doping of graphene represents a powerful means of tailoring its electronic properties. Synchrotron‐based X‐ray spectroscopy offers an effective route to investigate the surface electronic and chemical states of functionalizing dopants. In this work, a suite of X‐ray techniques is used, including near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, and photoemission threshold measurements, to systematically study plasma‐based chlorinated graphene on different substrates, with special focus on its dopant concentration, surface binding energy, bonding configuration, and work function shift. Detailed spectroscopic evidence of C–Cl bond formation at the surface of single layer graphene and correlation of the magnitude of p‐type doping with the surface coverage of adsorbed chlorine is demonstrated for the first time. It is shown that the chlorination process is a highly nonintrusive doping technology, which can effectively produce strongly p‐doped graphene with the 2D nature and long‐range periodicity of the electronic structure of graphene intact. The measurements also reveal that the interaction between graphene and chlorine atoms shows strong substrate effects in terms of both surface coverage and work function shift.     

3D Printed Anatomical Nerve Regeneration Pathways

A 3D printing methodology for the design, optimization, and fabrication of a custom nerve repair technology for the regeneration of complex peripheral nerve injuries containing bifurcating sensory and motor nerve pathways is introduced. The custom scaffolds are deterministically fabricated via a microextrusion printing principle using 3D models, which are reverse engineered from patient anatomies by 3D scanning. The bifurcating pathways are augmented with 3D printed biomimetic physical cues (microgrooves) and path‐specific biochemical cues (spatially controlled multicomponent gradients). In vitro studies reveal that 3D printed physical and biochemical cues provide axonal guidance and chemotractant/chemokinetic functionality. In vivo studies examining the regeneration of bifurcated injuries across a 10 mm complex nerve gap in rats showed that the 3D printed scaffolds achieved successful regeneration of complex nerve injuries, resulting in enhanced functional return of the regenerated nerve. This approach suggests the potential of 3D printing toward advancing tissue regeneration in terms of: (1) the customization of scaffold geometries to match inherent tissue anatomies; (2) the integration of biomanufacturing approaches with computational modeling for design, analysis, and optimization; and (3) the enhancement of device properties with spatially controlled physical and biochemical functionalities, all enabled by the same 3D printing process.     

Hollow Carbon Microspheres/MnO2 Nanosheets Composites: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Behaviors

Nano-Micro Letters - This article reported the electrochemical behaviors of a novel hollow carbon microspheres/manganese dioxide nanosheets (micro-HC/nano-MnO2) composite prepared by an in situ...     

Long-term creep characterization of Gr. 91 steel by modified creep constitutive equations

This paper focuses on the long-term creep characterization of Gr. 91 steel using creep constitutive equations. The models of three such equations, a combination of power-law form and omega model (CPO), a combination of exponential form and omega model (CEO), and a combination of logarithmic form and omega model (CLO), which are described as sum decaying primary creep and accelerating tertiary creep, are proposed. A series of creep rupture data was obtained through creep tests with various applied loads at 600 °C. On the basis of the creep data, a nonlinear least-square fitting (NLSF) analysis was carried out to provide the best fit with the experimental data in optimizing the parameter constants of an individual equation. The results of the NLSF analysis showed that in the lower stress regions of 160 MPa (σ/σ_ys <0.65), the CEO model showed a match with the experimental creep data comparable to those of the CPO and CLO models; however, in the higher stress regions of 160 MPa (σ/σ_y > 0.65), the CPO model showed better agreement than the other two models. It was found that the CEO model was superior to the CPO and CLO models in the modeling of long-term creep curves. Using the CEO model, the long-term creep curves of Gr. 91 steel were numerically characterized, and its creep life was predicted accurately.     

6D79六挡变速器设计

介绍了在国外同类变速器产品的基础上开发设计的6D79六挡变速器,该产品是在消化和吸收国外同类变速器产品的优点和特长后经过一系列改进、创新而研发出来的新型六挡变速器,详细阐述了操纵机构和回转机构设计的原理和特点。