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971.
In the current study, a non-heat-treating cold-heading-quality steel bar was fabricated by cold drawing of a rolled bar, and anisotropic mechanical properties of the as-rolled and cold-drawn bars were investigated by quasistatic and dynamic compressive tests of 0 deg (longitudinal)-, 45 deg-, and 90 deg (transverse)-orientation specimens. Under the dynamic compressive loading, the trend of strength variation was similar to that of the quasistatic compressive loading, while the strength level was considerably increased by the strain rate hardening effect. Stress–strain curves of the cold-drawn bar specimens showed the nearly same strain hardening behavior, irrespective of specimen orientation and strain rate, but the yield stress and compressive flow stress increased in the order of the 0 deg-, 90 deg-, and 45 deg-orientation specimens. In the 45 deg- and 90 deg-orientation specimens, the pearlite bands had the stronger resistance to the stress acting on the maximum shear stress plane than in the 0 deg-orientation specimens, thereby resulting in the higher strengths. In some dynamically compressed specimens, pearlite bands were dissolved to form bainitic microstructures. Locations of these bainitic microstructures were well matched with hemispherical-shaped heat-trap zones, which confirmed that bainitic microstructures were formed by the temperature rise occurring during the dynamic compressive loading.  相似文献   
972.
Electron beam welding of pre-aged cast 718 produced a slender Laves phase, while welds from solutionized cast 718 exhibited a blocky Laves phase with an initial stage of δ precipitation and formation of γ′+γ″ strengtheners after post weld heat treatment (PWHT). The presence of primary strengthener and coarse Laves particles in PWHT weld may cause reduction of the micro-plastic zone ahead of a crack, leading to a significant decrease in Charpy impact toughness at 77 K (?196 °C).  相似文献   
973.
The vacuum kinetic spray (VKS) method is a relatively advanced technology by which thin and dense ceramic coatings can be fabricated via the high-speed impact of submicron-sized particles at room temperature. However, the actual bonding mechanism associated with the VKS process has not yet been elucidated. In this study, AlN powders were pretreated through ball-milling and heat-treatment processes in order to investigate the effects of microstructural changes on the deposition behavior. It was found that ball-milled and heat-treated powder with polycrystals formed by partially aligned dislocations showed considerably higher deposition rates when compared to only ball-milled powder with tangled dislocations. Therefore, in the VKS process, the deposition behavior is shown to be affected by not only the particle size and defect density, but also the microstructure of the feedstock powder.  相似文献   
974.
Improvement of hydrogen sorption measurement using a Sieverts apparatus was performed by considering volumetric change due to the valve movement and the thermal transpiration. The newly suggested measurement method was evaluated by comparing the results from a blank test and a sample test with previous ones. The valve movement was found to be main measurement errors when the measurement temperature was near room temperature. The thermal transpiration became the major sources of errors as the difference between measurement temperature and room temperature increased. The modified equation for the PCI curve in this study gave the best performance compared with the previous ones at all measurement temperatures. These findings suggested the volumetric change due to thermal transpiration as well as the valve movement should be considered for more accurate measurements of hydrogen sorption.  相似文献   
975.
Enhancement of mixed-convection heat transfer in a multiblock heater arrangement in a channel is studied. At the most upstream heated block, a time-periodic heat generation is present, while the heat generation is constant in other heater blocks. The explicit effect of using thermal modulation (time-periodic heat generation) at the upstream heater is examined by acquiring comprehensive numerical solutions. The heat transfer enhancement is pronounced at the heaters at far downstream, and the augmentation is maximized when resonance is realized. The resonance frequency is close to the natural frequency of the system, which scales with the time for the main stream to travel through the interblock region. Plots are illustrated to demonstrate the formations of a pair of circulations downstream of the most upstream heater, which leads to identifying the natural frequency. The increase in the overall pressure drop is calculated. The benefit of heat transfer augmentation, as opposed to the increased pressure drop, is assessed to justify the use of thermal modulation in the upstream heater.  相似文献   
976.
The kinetics of dynamic precipitation in austenite of a complex Nb-Ti-V microalloyed steel during hot compression at 900 °C with a strain rate of 6.7 s?1 was quantitatively investigated through electrical resistivity measurements. The dynamic precipitation in the Nb-Ti-V microalloyed steel started at a strain of 0.15. The amount of tiny Nb-rich (Nb,Ti,V)C carbides, which were precipitated at crystal defects gradually increased up to 0.02 wt% at a maximum strain of 0.67. The electrical resistivity was successfully applied to the quantitative evaluation of dynamic precipitation kinetics in microalloyed steel by excluding the effects of crystal defects and interstitial atoms on the electrical resistivity.  相似文献   
977.
It is well known that size distributions of aerosols influence their optical properties. Many previous studies have focused on the optical properties of aerosols with particular weather conditions, such as haze, fog, or pollution. However, few studies have investigated the influence of precipitation on the optical properties of aerosols. In this study, the optical properties of polydispersed atmospheric aerosols following a wet removal process were investigated. For these calculations, a lognormal distribution was used to represent the raindrop size distribution and the tri-modal aerosol size distributions. Variations in aerosol size distributions and the corresponding changes an extinction coefficient caused by the wet scavenging process were quantified with different compositions of aerosols as a function of rain intensity. The results showed that the extinction coefficient decreased and the corresponding visibility was enhanced with the precipitation duration because of the precipitation scavenging. It was also shown that the rain intensity and the refractive index and size distribution of aerosols influenced the calculations of extinction coefficient of aerosols.  相似文献   
978.
979.
Voiding dysfunction is a common complication after radical pelvic surgery. To reduce this complication, nerve-sparing radical pelvic surgery was introduced. However, several patients experienced voiding difficulty despite nerve-sparing radical pelvic surgery. Thus, we investigated the functional and molecular changes of the bladder in rats, which demonstrated voiding dysfunction induced by nerve damage during nerve-sparing radical pelvic surgery. Male rats were used and assigned to normal, sham-operated, and bilateral crushing nerve bundles from major pelvic ganglion (MPG) to bladder group. After one, two, and four-week crushing injury, significantly decreased contractile response and increased connective tissue of the detrusor were observed and these results were reliable findings with voiding difficulty following nerve-sparing radical pelvic surgery. After crushing injury, significantly increased M2 muscarinic receptor expression was observed and this might be regarded as the compensatory response. However, M3 muscarinic receptor expression was not significantly changed. The expression of RhoA, ROCK-α, and ROCK-β was significantly increased after one, two, and four-week crushing injury. From these results, the down-regulation of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway might lead to the decreased bladder contractility after crushing injury of nerve bundles from MPG to the bladder despite of the compensated up-regulation of M2 muscarinic receptor.  相似文献   
980.
The traditional customer relationship management (CRM) studies are mainly focused on CRM in a specific point of time. The static CRM and derived knowledge of customer behavior could help marketers to redirect marketing resources for profit gain at the given point in time. However, as time goes on, the static knowledge becomes obsolete. Therefore, application of CRM to an online retailer should be done dynamically in time. Though the concept of buying-behavior-based CRM was advanced several decades ago, virtually little application of the dynamic CRM has been reported to date.

In this paper, we propose a dynamic CRM model utilizing data mining and a monitoring agent system to extract longitudinal knowledge from the customer data and to analyze customer behavior patterns over time for the retailer. Furthermore, we show that longitudinal CRM could be usefully applied to solve several managerial problems, which any retailer may face.  相似文献   

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