Evaluation of quarternary aggregate resources in Norway

The paper refers to some results of recent research in Norway on aggregate/concrete interaction. The objective has been to establish criteria for classification, based on knowledge of the geological origin of the aggregates. The evaluation system developed incorporates an automatic data processing information system and a new method of mineralogical quality classification of sand aggregates. The latter refers primarily to the properties of aggregates determining the water requirement and strength of concrete. The system has been used for evaluating a large number of Quaternary aggregate deposits throughout the country, and the results have been correlated with relevant concrete testing.     

Impedance modelling of air electrodes in alkaline media

A mathematical model of the impedance response of porous air electrodes in alkaline solutions, based on flooded agglomerate theory, was developed. The model results provides insight into characteristic features of the impedance spectra according to the relative rate of the various reactions and mass transfer processes occurring. The modelled spectra where dissolution, transport and reaction of oxygen dominates the impedance are close to ideal semicircles. With increasing contribution from ionic transport in the solution inside the pores, two distinct features occur, namely the appearance of a 45° branch at high frequencies, and an inductive loop at low frequenices. Examples from the literature where inductive loops occurs are given.     

Effects of transference work in the context of therapeutic alliance and quality of object relations.

Objective: Transference interpretation is considered as a core active ingredient in dynamic psychotherapy. In common clinical theory, it is maintained that more mature relationships, as well as a strong therapeutic alliance, may be prerequisites for successful transference work. In this study, the interaction between quality of object relations, transference interpretation, and alliance is estimated. Method: One hundred outpatients seeking psychotherapy for depression, anxiety, and personality disorders were randomly assigned to 1 year of weekly sessions of dynamic psychotherapy with transference interpretation or to the same type and duration of treatment, but without the use of transference interpretation. Quality of Object Relations (QOR)–lifelong pattern was evaluated before treatment (P. H?glend, 1994). The Working Alliance Inventory (A. O. Horvath & L. S. Greenberg, 1989; T. J. Tracey & A. M. Kokotovic, 1989) was rated in Session 7. The primary outcome variable was the Psychodynamic Functioning Scales (P. H?glend et al., 2000), measured at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 1 year after treatment termination. Results: A significant Treatment Group × Quality of Object Relations × Alliance interaction was present, indicating that alliance had a significantly different impact on effects of transference interpretation, depending on the level of QOR. The impact of transference interpretation on psychodynamic functioning was more positive within the context of a weak therapeutic alliance for patients with low quality of object relations. For patients with more mature object relations and high alliance, the authors observed a negative effect of transference work. Conclusion: The specific effects of transference work was influenced by the interaction of object relations and alliance, but in the direct opposite direction of what is generally maintained in mainstream clinical theory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Three-phase mixed-wet capillary pressure curves from a bundle of triangular tubes model

We present a bundle of triangular tubes model that simulates three-phase mixed-wet capillary pressure curves for any sequences of gas, oil, and water invasion processes. A diversity of cross-sectional fluid configurations may occur because of pore shape and different combinations of the contact angles. We use expressions for the capillary entry pressures that truly accounts for the mixed wettability condition and the possibility of simultaneous displacement of the fluids occupying the cross-sections. As a consequence, invasion does not necessarily proceed in the order of monotonic increasing or decreasing pore size. We simulate primary drainage and imbibition first. The saturation dependencies of the three-phase capillary pressures are analyzed for the subsequent gas injections and waterfloods and compared with the results from a similar bundle of cylindrical tubes model. Simulations are performed for three sets of contact angles representing oil-wet conditions with variable contact angle hysteresis. It is shown that the capillary pressure at the end of primary drainage, P_cow^max, strongly affects the saturation dependencies in the bundle of triangular tubes. For moderate values of P_cow^max, we have identified regions in the saturation space where two or all three capillary pressures are functions of two saturations, while the corresponding results from the bundle of cylindrical tubes often show that only one of the capillary pressures depends on more than one saturation, regardless of P_cow^max. The differences are caused by the capillary entry pressures in the triangular tubes that are strongly affected by the hinging interfaces in the corners when contact angle hysteresis is assumed. This leads to different bulk pore occupancies in the two bundle models, and hence different saturation dependencies. Furthermore, the level of gas–water and oil–water capillary pressure is higher for the bundle of triangular tubes during the gas and water invasion processes. The saturation dependencies, capillary levels and pore occupancies calculated from triangular tubes approach the corresponding results calculated from cylindrical tubes when P_cow^max is increased.     

Parameterization and analysis of the optical absorption and scattering coefficients in a western Norwegian fjord: a case II water study

Based on statistical analyses of optical properties measured during a whole year of monthly cruises in a Norwegian fjord, we constructed a two-component model for the absorption and scattering coefficients for visible light. The input to the model is the concentrations of yellow substance and chlorophyll a. Because of the presence of a significant amount of nonalgal particles in coastal water, we assume that the absorption and scattering coefficients approach constant background values when the concentration of chlorophyll a approaches zero. The model works reasonably for a variety of optical conditions encountered throughout the year, with a possible exception during a bloom of the Emiliania huxleyi algae in June.     

Capillary pressure scanning curves by the micropore membrane technique

Experimental procedures have been developed for capillary pressure hysteresis measurements. Capillary drainage and imbibition bounding curves (complete bounding cycle) and a number of scanning curves have been measured for a water-wet Berea core and an oil-wet reservoir core by the micropore membrane technique. The curves are measured both with stepwise and continuous change of the differential pressure. A continuous and slow change of capillary pressure gives considerable savings in experimental time. Reversibility of scanning curves is observed for the Berea core when the range of saturation reversal is less than 5% and may be explained by a pinning effect. The oil-wet reservoir core, however, exhibits a hysteresis loop even for this small saturation range. For saturation reversals in excess of 5%, the scanning curves for both samples form closed loops that are similar in shape to the bounding loop, i.e., for each sample, all hysteresis loops have the same shape but different sizes. This fact may be used to improve the algorithm for hysteresis modelling.     

Dynamic optimization of queries in pivot-based indexing

This paper evaluates the use of standard database indexes and query processing as a way to do metric indexing in the LAESA approach. By utilizing B-trees and R-trees as pivot-based indexes, we may use well-known optimization techniques from the database field within metric indexing and search. The novelty of this paper is that we use a cost-based approach to dynamically evaluate which and how many pivots to use in the evaluation of each query. By a series of measurements using our database prototype we are able to evaluate the performance of this approach. Compared to using all available pivots for filtering, the optimized approach gives half the response times for main memory data, but much more varied results for disk resident data. However, by use of the cost model we are able to dynamically determine when to bypass the indexes and simply perform a sequential scan of the base data. The conclusion of this evaluation is that it is beneficial to create many pivots, but to use only the most selective ones during evaluation of each query. R-trees give better performance than B-trees when utilizing all pivots, but when being able to dynamically select the best pivots, B-trees often provide better performance.     

Effect of aquatic mosses on juvenile fish density and habitat use in the regulated River Suldalslågen,western Norway

Two morphologically distinct moss communities were found in the River Suldalslågen. The liver moss community consists of species which form a dense mat on the bottom, while the river moss (Fontinalis) community forms long tufts. Moss growth has increased since hydropower regulations due to reduced floods and increased winter flows. Increased moss cover affects the bottom structure, as well as intra‐gravel and near‐bottom hydraulics. We studied densities of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) by electrofishing and habitat selection by direct underwater observation, in areas with natural moss cover compared with areas where mosses were experimentally removed. Areas with dense mats of liver mosses held lower densities of young of year (YoY) and older salmon parr than areas where liver moss had been removed. No differences in densities of YoY salmon were found between areas with and without Fontinalis. For older salmon, parr results were inconclusive. In some samples more and in others fewer fish were found in areas with Fontinalis moss removed. For trout, densities were higher in areas with Fontinalis, while results for liver moss were inconclusive. No major differences were found with regard to microhabitat selection between areas with and without river moss, suggesting that habitat quality in these areas was similar during summer, except with respect to substrate. Salmon held more exposed positions in areas without liver moss, but this is mainly attributed to different habitat availabilities. It is concluded that the relative increase in liver mosses in the River Suldalslågen has a negative impact on juvenile Atlantic salmon fish density. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

How consumer innovativeness,technological expertise,and consideration set size can explain mobile commerce use: An extended understanding using a moderation–mediation model

Information Systems and e-Business Management - This study integrates consumer innovativeness (CI) and technological expertise (TE) in consumer attitudes and mobile commerce use (MCU) and...