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61.
Thermophysical properties of molten semiconductors are reviewed. Published data for viscosity, thermal conductivity, surface tension, and other properties are presented. Several measurement methods often used for molten semiconductors are described. Recommended values of thermophysical properties are tabulated for Si, Ge, GaAs, InP, InSb, GaSb, and other compounds. This review shows that further measurements of thermophysical properties of GaAs and InP in the molten state are required. It is also indicated that a very limited amount of data on emissivity is available. Space experiments relating to thermophysical property measurements are described briefly.Nomenclature
Density
-
C
p
Specific heat
-
Kinematic viscosity
-
Dynamic viscosity=
-
Thermal diffusivity
-
Thermal conductivity=Cp
-
Volumetric thermal expansion coefficient
-
Surface tension
-
d/dT
Temperature coefficient of surface tension
-
g
Gravitational acceleration
-
T
Temperature
-
T
Temperature difference
-
L
Characteristic dimension 相似文献
62.
Yoshiro Nakamura Akira Watanabe Kunio Mori Kosaku Tamura Michio Inagaki 《Journal of Materials Science》1986,21(12):4485-4488
A binary blend which consists of two incompatible polymers such as poly(vinyl chloride) and polyethylene has been performed through a partial co-crosslinking reaction with peroxide to give a co-crosslinked blend with a uniform dispersion of small polyethylene particles and with an improved mechanical property. The results are obtained through the formation of a co-crosslinked product which acts as a potential solid phase dispersant as well as a well-bonded reinforcing interlayer on polyethylene particles uniformly dispersed in poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. The resulting blends (PVC/PE=10/90 wt) give carbon spherules of 0.5 to 1m diameter through pressure-carbonization at 650° C for 1 h. 相似文献
63.
Takashi Ogihara Tadashi Ikemoto Nobuyasu Mizutani Masanori Kato Yukuaki Mitarai 《Journal of Materials Science》1986,21(8):2771-2774
The Ta2O5 powders synthesized by the hydrolysis of tantalum pentaethoxide, Ta(OC2H5)5 in alcoholic solution were monodispersed fine oxide particles, which were a uniform, spherical shape, non-agglomerate, and had a narrow size distribution. They grew to 1.2m after ageing for 1 h after hydrolysis. Powder X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysisthermogravimetric analysis showed the particles were amorphous and hydrated. These particles lost the water at 290° C and gave well-crystalline Ta2O at 740° C. Throughout these thermal processes, the particle morphology was kept almost the same. 相似文献
64.
The permeation and separation characteristics of aqueous polymer solutions using acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer membranes were investigated under various conditions. The membranes obtained from dimethyl sulfoxide solution of acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer have not a sufficient reproducibility and stability of permeation. These lacks were improved by adding ethylene glycol or glycerol to the casting solution and treating the membranes with pressure. The permeation and separation characteristics were influenced significantly by the additional amount of above additives, the heat treatment temperature, and the operating pressure. It was found that the concentration polarization of poly(vinyl alcohol) molecules onto the surface of the acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer membranes is smaller than that onto hydrophilic polymer membranes such as membranes of cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, and nylon 12, etc. Moreover, the acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer membranes show better performance for separation and concentrating of aqueous polymer solutions than hydrophilic membranes. 相似文献
65.
Effects of support and additive on oxidation state and activity of Pt catalyst in propane combustion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of support and additive on the oxidation state and catalytic activity of Pt catalyst in the low temperature propane combustion were systematically investigated on Pt/MgO, Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/SiO2–Al2O3. The catalytic activity varied much with both support materials and additives. The catalyst on the more acidic support showed higher activity, and the catalytic activity on every support materials increased as the electronegativity of additives increased, while some additives decreased the activity. The oxidation state of platinum, estimated by white line intensity of Pt LIII-edge XANES spectrum, also varied with the support and additives, and additives with higher electronegativity greatly prevented the platinum from its oxidation under oxidising atmosphere. Among almost all the catalysts with various supports and various additives, a clear relationship was observed between the oxidation state of platinum and the catalytic activity; the more metallic platinum showed higher activity. Thus, it was concluded that the total electrophilic/electrophobic property derived from those of the support and additive controls the oxidation state of platinum, which intensively affects the catalytic activity; i.e. higher electrophilic property provides less oxidised platinum, resulting in high catalytic activity. The mechanism of this effect was also discussed on the basis of thermochemical data, and it was proposed that the electrophobic materials promote the noble metal oxidation since the noble metal oxo-anion such as PtOδ− is more stabilised with electrophobic cation. 相似文献
66.
Yoshitoshi Nakamura Tatsuro Sawada Akihiro Komatsu 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2002,77(10):1101-1106
In order to develop a method for converting raw starch into ethanol efficiently, direct fermentation of ozonized raw starch using a recombinant yeast was investigated. Ozonolysis was carried out as a pretreatment to convert raw starch into ethanol rapidly and efficiently, and then the effect of the ozone degradation conditions on the degree of polymerization and the amount of amylose in a raw starch was determined. Since the degree of polymerization was low and the amount of amylose was high, raw starch treated with an ozone concentration of 40 gm?3 and an ozonation time of 30 min was the material chosen for alcohol fermentation. Though the recombinant yeast could not convert the untreated raw starch, it converted the soluble starch and the ozonized raw starch at a comparatively high yield into ethanol. About 56% of the ozonized raw starch decomposed, and the ethanol concentration obtained from the ozonized raw starch was markedly greater than that obtained from untreated raw starch. The dynamic behavior of cell growth, substrate degradation, and ethanol production was examined in a continuous culture under various dilution rates, and the optimal dilution rate, ie 0.15 h?1, was determined for maximizing the ethanol productivity (amount of ethanol produced per unit time). © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
67.
Panjian Li Ilkka Kangasniemi Klaas de Groot Tadashi Kokubo 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1994,77(5):1307-1312
Gel-derived titania coating on commercial pure (c.p.) titanium induces hydroxyapatite formation onto its surface from a simulated body fluid (SBF, a metastable calcium phosphate solution). The induced apatite is similar to bone apatite in that it is poorly crystallized, calcium-deficient, and carbonate-containing. Furthermore, the carbonate (CO2–3 ) groups go into the apatite lattice and lie at the positions of PO3–4 and OH– to replace these ionic groups, resembling the (CO2–3 ) groups of bone apatite. Therefore, the apatite induced by the gel-derived titania is said to be bonelike. A chemical stimulation, stemming from abundant hydroxyl groups and negative charges at the surface of the titania gel, is believed to be responsible for the bonelike apatite induction. The potential of bone-bonding is predicted for the gel-derived titania, for it is an efficient bonelike apatite inducer in the SBF. 相似文献
68.
Takashi Nakamura 《Lipids》1986,21(9):553-557
Prostaglandin-like substances other than 3-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxy-3-oxo)-cyclopentanyl-2-propenal (compound I), which upon reacting
with amino acids form reddish pigments, were purified, and their chemical structures were determined. Three red pigment-forming
substances (RPS) in autoxidized methyl linolenate were purified successively by gel chromatography on Sephadex LH-20, column
chromatography and thin layer chromatography on Silica Gel 60, and by high performance liquid chromatography on μ-Porasil.
IR spectra of the RPS showed the absorption of an ester group (νC=O 1730 cm−1 in CHCl3) and of a longer branched chain (νC-H 2800–3100 cm−1), in addition to the absorption bands observed in compound I. Electron impact mass spectra of the trimethylsilyl ethers obtained
after reduction with NaBH4 and NaBD4 were analyzed in detail and compared with those of compound I. The structures of the RPS were identified as stereoisomeric
methyl 8-[2-(2-formylvinyl)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-cyclopentanyl]-octanoates derived from methyl 12-hydroperoxy-linolenate.
Presented at the general meeting of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, held at Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,
October 1984. 相似文献
69.
Dimethylsiloxane-tetramethyl-p-silphenylenesiloxane-dimethylsiloxane (DMS-TMPS-DMS) triblock copolymer was synthesized by employing living anionic polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3). Two synthetic methods were carried out for the polymerization. One of those methods was the anionic polymerization of D3 initiated at the silanolate anion which was prepared from the terminal hydroxyl group of silanol-terminated TMPS prepolymer by reaction with n-butyllithium (method 1). The other was the coupling reaction of vinyl-terminated TMPS prepolymer with hydrosilyl-terminated DMS prepolymer obtained from the anionic polymerization of D3 by using diphenylmethylsilanolate anion as initiator (method 2). In method 1, DMS contents of the copolymers ranged from 25.8 to 72.5 wt% and the values agreed with the ratio of D3 to TMPS prepolymer. The weight-average molecular weights ranged from 1.36×104 to 19.4×104 and were close to the predicted values calculated from the of the TMPS prepolymer and the amount of D3 added. In the case of method 2, weight-average molecular weights ranged from 19.5×104 to 24.2×104. The high molecular weight copolymer could thus be obtained by method 2. Intrinsic viscosity values of the triblock copolymers agreed with calculated values obtained by considering the copolymer as a binary mixture of these homopolymers. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry were carried out on the triblock copolymers. The equilibrium melting temperatures of each of the copolymers were very close to that of poly-TMPS (160°C). The glass transition temperature and heat of fusion were decreased as the DMS content was increased. The thermogravimetric curves for the copolymers indicated that the thermal stability of the triblock copolymer was intermediate between the DMS and TMPS homopolymers. 相似文献
70.
A technique for separating similar and diverse ionogenic mixtures into their individual homologs was studied by high performance
liquid chromatography on an octadecyl-silica (TSK Gel LS-410) column. Conditions used for the separation were: column size,
6 mm id×200 mm; mobile phase, water/methanol (15:85, v/v) containing (a) 1.0 M sodium perchlorate and adjsting to pH 2.5 with
phosphoric acid, (b) 0.1 M and pH 3.5; column temp., 50 C. By using 2 mobile phase conditions, various surfactant mixtures
were separated into their individual homologs and simultaneously distinguished from each other, regardless of their ionogenic
properties. 相似文献