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51.
Marcio Schmiele Leandra Zafalon Jaekel Stella Maris Cardoso Patricio Caroline Joy Steel Yoon Kil Chang 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2012,47(10):2141-2150
The use of bran and whole grain flour changes dough rheology and causes difficulties in manufacturing bakery products. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of substituting refined wheat flour (WF) by wheat bran (WB; 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) or whole grain wheat flour (WGWF; 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) on dough rheological properties and pan bread quality characteristics. The addition of WB and WGWF increased water absorption and resistance to extension and decreased stability, extensibility and peak viscosity. Effects with WB were more pronounced. The presence of WB or WGWF increased crumb moisture content, firmness and hardness and decreased specific volume of pan bread. It is important to set new farinographic and extensographic standards when using WB and WGWF, allowing for a correct correlation between rheology and quality characteristics of bakery products, as the same standards used for WF are not valid. 相似文献
52.
Violeta Ivanova Marina Stefova Trajče Stafilov Borimir Vojnoski Ildiko Bíró Anita Bufa Ferenc Kilár 《Food Analytical Methods》2012,5(6):1427-1434
An analytical method for determination of volatile composition of wines using sample preparation by liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for separation and detection has been developed and validated. Extraction of volatile compounds was performed in dichloromethane, and 1-octanol was added as an internal standard. Kékfrankos red wine produced in Villány wine region in Hungary was used as a model wine for testing and validation of the method. The developed method allowed satisfactory determination of 33 volatile compounds in the wines. Compounds analyzed include alcohols, esters, lactones, fatty acids, furans, and nitrogen compounds. The calibration curves of the four reference compounds used (2-phenyl ethanol, ethyl nonanoate, butyrolactone, and tyrosol) were linear in all cases with correlation coefficients (R 2) ranging from 0.9951 to 0.9992. The accuracy of the method was checked with a standard addition method (recovery 92.2–103 %), showing good repeatability and reproducibility (RSD?<?10 %). 相似文献
53.
54.
Jong Hyun Suh To Hoon Kim Byung Kil Yu Kyoung Don Lee 《Metals and Materials International》1998,4(2):157-163
Research was conducted on tailored blank welding between mild steel sheet and Zn-coated steel sheet using CO2 laser beam. The materials used in this study were low carbon steel sheets with a thickness of 1.2 mm and Zn-coated steel
sheet with the same thickness and 6.3 μm Zn coating. Experiments were conducted by applying the Taguchi method to obtain optimum
conditions for the application of this tailored blank laser welding method in practical manufacturing processes. Optical microscopy,
XRD, SEM and TEM analysis were performed to observe the microstructures and to determine the structures of welded zone. In
addition, mechanical properties were measured by the microhardness test, tensile test and Erichsen test to evaluate the formability
of the welded specimen. There was no trapped Zn in the fusion zone, and the phases of this region consisted of polygonal ferrite,
quasi-polygonal ferrite, banitic ferrite and martensite. The elongation value of welded specimen was more than 80% of the
value in substrate metal, and the LDH value was more than 90% of the value in substrate metal. 相似文献
55.
E. V. Rumyantseva G. A. Vikhoreva N. R. Kil’deeva A. A. Neborako E. Yu. Saraeva L. S. Gal’braikh 《Fibre Chemistry》2006,38(2):98-102
The features of sorption of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions of CuSO4 by granulated chitosan sorbent in static conditions and the different contribution of surface and bulk amino groups in the
sorbent to complexation are discussed. Sorption with freshly formed swollen and maximally amorphized granules with accessible
bulk amino groups can be described by Langmuir’s equation; it attains 5.6 mmole/g of dry sorbent, which is close to the sorption
calculated from the equimolar composition of the amino-copper complex. Sorption of initially dry granules with less accessible
bulk amino groups does not obey Langmuir’s equation due to precipitation of copper hydroxide and hydrosulfate on the surface
of the sorbent.
__________
Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 11–14, March–April, 2006. 相似文献
56.
Jeong Kil Kim Seung Gab Hong Ki Bong Kang Chung Yun Kang 《Metals and Materials International》2009,15(5):843-849
Dissimilar joints between STS441, a ferritic stainless steel, and SS400, a carbon steel, were welded by GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) using STS430LNb as a welding wire. The fracture behavior of the dissimilar weld was analyzed by a microstructural observation and thermo-mechanical tests. Martensite was formed at the region between SS400 and the weld metal because the Cr and Nb content in this region decreased due to the dilution of SS400 carbon steel during welding. According to results from a high temperature tensile test with a specimen aged at 900 °C, it was found that the tensile strength of the dissimilar weld at high temperature was equal to that of STS441 base metal and the formation of martensite had little influence on tensile strength of the dissimilar weld at high temperature. However, in the case of thermal fatigue resistance, the dissimilar weld had an inferior thermal fatigue life to STS441 because of the presence of martensite and the softened region around the interface between the dissimilar weld metal and SS400. 相似文献
57.
Early detection and diagnosis of incipient induction machine faults increases machinery availability, reduces consequential
damage, and improves operational efficiency. However, fault detection using analytical methods is not always possible because
it requires perfect knowledge of a process model. This paper proposes a neural network based expert system for diagnosing
problems with induction motors using vibration analysis. The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is used to process the quasi-steady
vibration signals, and the neural network is trained and tested using the vibration spectra. The efficiency of the developed
neural network expert system is evaluated. The results show that a neural network expert system can be developed based on
vibration measurements acquired on-line from the machine. 相似文献
58.
In this paper, a 4-wheel vehicle model including the effects of tire slip was considered, along with variable parameter sliding
control, pushrod force as the end control parameter, and an antilock sliding control, in order to improve the performance
of the vehicle longitudinal response. The variable sliding parameter is made to be proportional to the square root of the
pressure derivative at the wheel, in order to compensate for large pressure changes in the brake cylinder. A typical tire
force-relative slip curve for dry road conditions was used to generate an analytical tire force-relative slip function, and
an antilock sliding control process based on the analytical tire force-relative slip function was used. A retrofitted brake
system, with the pushrod force as the end control parameter, was employed, and an average decay function was used to suppress
the simulation oscillations. Simulation results indicate that the velocity and spacing errors were slightly larger than the
results that without considering wheel slip effect, the spacing errors of the lead and follower were insensitive to the adhesion
coefficient up to the critical wheel slip value, and the limit for the antilock control on non-constant adhesion road condition
was determined by the minimum of the equivalent adhesion coefficient. 相似文献
59.
60.
Jorge Minoru Hashimoto Elizabeth Harumi Nabeshima Helio Spinelli Cintra lvaro Renato Guerra Dias Fernando Martínez Bustos Yoon Kil Chang 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2002,82(8):924-930
Extrusion‐cooked blends of cassava starch (CS) and wheat gluten (WG) were studied. The data were analysed using response surface methodology. The results showed the formation of new structures characterised by lower radial expansion (RE) and specific volume (SV) when gluten was added to CS. WG content was the most important variable affecting RE, water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), SV and difference in colour (ΔE) of the extruded products, but feed moisture content and barrel temperature also influenced RE. WAI was affected by a significant interaction between WG content and barrel temperature. The extruded products had lower WAI values and higher WSI values than WG‐free products. Heat, high shear rate and high pressure during extrusion cooking caused mechanical destruction or denaturation of the WG and gelatinisation and dextrinisation of the starch components. The extruded blends could have diverse applications. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献