Enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of prochiral ketones over modified nickel

This article reviews the enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of prochiral ketones over a asymmetrically modified catalyst, focusing on the hydrogenation of simple prochiral alkanones. The parameters affecting catalytic activity and enantiodifferentiating ability are considerable in number, and each parameter should be optimized in order to attain a highperformance enantio-differentiating catalyst. Optimization of the parameters and the mode of enantio-differentiation are discussed and compared with the enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of β-ketoesters.     

EFFECT OF PORE DIFFUSION ON DEACTIVATING RATES OF SECOND ORDER REACTION

The research and development of catalysts, the design and operation of catalytic reactors are complicated by the phenomenon of catalyst deactivation which is affected by various factors. In this paper, the effect of internal mass transfer resistance in the second order catalytic reaction system of uniform independent deactivation on both reaction and deactivation rates of straight cylindrical pore model has been discussed. In addition, the quantitative relations between effectiveness factor and Thiele modulus in second order reaction and first order deactivation system have been correlated     

输出窗材料的研究进展

输出窗是高真空微波管中的关键构件,本文对目前应用的各种输出窗材料的性能、制备以及应用现状进行了评述。针对大功率毫米波微波管用输出窗材料的需求,提出了制备输出窗复相陶瓷以及创新制备方法等解决思路。     

组分对发射盐物相、浸渍温度和稳定性的研究

311、411、612、2.4：0．6：1是常用的阴极钪酸盐（Ba：Ca：Al2摩尔比，分别添加微量Sc2O3）配比。相同工艺条件，4种配比钪酸盐的衍射峰区别不大；相同温度条件，2．4：0．6：1的阴极钪酸盐对纯钨基的浸渍度最高，达到99．34％；同时24：0．6：1的阴极钪酸盐在空气中的稳定性也是最好的。     

A randomized algorithm for natural object colorization

Natural objects often contain vivid color distribution with wide variety of colors. Conventional colorization techniques, on the other hand, produce colors that are relatively flat with little color variation. In this paper, we introduce a randomized algorithm which considers not only the value of target color but also the distribution of target color. In essence, our algorithm paints a color distribution to a region which synthesizes color distribution of a natural object. Our approach models the correlation between intensity and color in HSV color space in terms of H – S, H – V and S – V joint histogram. During the colorization process, we randomly swap and reassign color of a pixel to minimize a cost function that measures color consistency to its neighborhood and intensity‐to‐color correlation captured in the joint histogram. We tested our algorithm extensively on many natural objects and our user study confirms that our results are more vivid and natural compared to results from previous techniques.     

KINETICS OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION OF ETHANOL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

A 1.3 dm³ high-pressure vessel was used to extract ethanol from aqueous solution of 10 wt% using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent. Experiments were carried out in a semibatch mode. A mathematical model based on the two-film theory was derived for estimating the over all mass transfer coefficient. The effects of operating variables, including pressure, CO₂ superficial velocity, and agitation rate, on the mass transfer coefficient were investigated. In general, the mass transfer coefficient increased with increasing pressure, CO₂ superficial velocity, and agitation rate. The concentration of ethanol recovered in the collector after 180 minutes reached 50 wt%, starting with a feed of 10 wt% ethanol.     

Chaos-based self-embedding fragile watermarking with flexible watermark payload

This paper proposes a self-embedding watermarking scheme that reduces the watermark payload significantly while maintaining good recovery quality and security. The embedded watermark contributes to the tamper detection and content recovery and is composed of only the compression codes of the image content. The compression codes with variable length are generated according to the roughness of the image. To improve the security, a chaos-based pseudorandom sequence generator is adopted to generate block-mapping sequence and encrypt compression codes. The proposed method takes into account the invisibility, recovery quality, and security using the flexible watermark payload, which preserves sufficient information of the image block with as few bits as possible. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only outperforms conventional self-embedding fragile watermarking algorithms in tamper detection and recovery, but also improve the security against the various counterfeiting attacks.     

Y-TZP/Al_2O_3超细粉末的研究

用共沉淀法制备了3mol％Y_2O_3-ZrO_2-20Wt％Al_2O_3超细粉末。利用热分析、X射线、粒度分析仪、透射电镜和扫描电镜等研究了粉末的性能。实验结果表明:制备的粉末组分均匀,颗粒粒度为10nm,粒度分布窄,团聚体尺寸小,烧结活性高。粉末的相组成为t-ZrO_2。烧结体显微结构致密细晶,具有优异的力学性能。     

Numerical and experimental investigation of three-dimensional flow in extrusion dies

The univariant element, Q₁ P₀, and the multivariant elements, QP₀ and R P₀, are compared for the numerical simulation of the flow in extrusion dies. The pressure distribution obtained by using the Q₁ P₀ element was found to be afflicted with the checkerboard pressure mode. On the other hand, the multivariant elements, Q P₀ and R P₀, gave accurate and physically reasonable velocity and pressure distributions. The computed values of the pressure drop across extrusion dies matched well with the pressure drop determined experimentally.     

Unique molecular aggregation of novel naphthalocyanine (near IR absorbing dye)

A series of organic-soluble naphthalocyanine derivatives (Y_mMNcX₄) have been synthesized. Their spectroscopic properties in organic solutions and in thin films were studied. MNcX₄ such as MNc(t-Bu)₄ (5a-5c) and MNc(On-Bu)₄ (5j) formed H-aggregates even in dilute solutions. MNc(CO₂R')₄ (5d-5i) had much stronger H-aggregation properties compared with those ofMNc(t-Bu)₄ and MNc(On-Bu)₄. Especially, MNc(CO₂R')₇ complexes (M=Cu, Pd and Ni) existed exclusively without monomers in the aggregated state even in highly dilute solutions. MNcX₄, which has strong H-aggregation properties, showed merely H- aggregate absorption maxima in thin films. In contrast, Y₂MNcX₄ (4), which has sterically hindered Y groups, showed monomerically pure characteristics in solution. However, thin films of Y₂MNcX₄ have a J-type molecular arrangement, exhibiting a red shift of Q-band absorption. The monomeric properties of Y₂MNcX₄ in solutions and J-type molecular arrangement in thin films arise from steric hindrance of two Y groups, such as R₃SiO-in Y₂MNcX₄, which prevents strong H-aggregation of naphthalocyanine.