浸没式平板膜生物反应器处理钞票纸厂废水的中试研究

采用"水解+浸没式平板膜生物反应器"工艺对钞票纸造纸废水进行了中试试验研究,试验了水力停留时间、膜通量、生物系统有机负荷等关键技术参数对处理出水COD等指标的影响,得到较优化的操作条件。当水力停留时间为24 h、生物系统COD有机负荷≤0.4～0.5 kg/(m3.d)和膜通量为0.3 m3/(m2.d)时,膜的跨膜压差增长很慢,可稳定实现出水COD小于50 mg/L的排放要求。     

Tensile elongation of high‐fluid polypropylene/ethylene–propylene rubber blends: Dependence on molecular weight of the components and propylene content of the rubber

We studied tensile behavior of low‐molecular‐weight (MW) polypropylene (PP)/ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR; 70/30) blends from the viewpoint of the MWs of PP and EPR and the compatibility between PP and EPR. The value of the melt flow rate of PP varied from 30 to 700 g/10 min at 230°C. We studied the compatibility between PP and EPR by varying the propylene content in EPR (27 and 68 wt %). At the initial elongation stage, crazes were observed in all blends. When blends included EPR with 27 wt % propylene, the elongation at break of the low‐MW PP improved little. The blends with EPR and 68 wt % propylene content were elongated further beyond their yielding points. The elongation to rupture was increased with increasing MW of EPR. Molecular orientation of the low‐MW PP was manifested by IR dichroism measurements and X‐ray diffraction patterns. The blends of low‐MW PP and EPR could be elongated by the partial dissolution of EPR of high‐MW in the PP amorphous phase. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 46–56, 2002     

Orientation Mediated Enhancement on Magnetic Hyperthermia of Fe3O4 Nanodisc

A two‐step chemical approach to synthesize high quality Fe₃O₄ nanodisc is reported. The magnetic hyperthermia properties of the nanodisc and isotropic nanoparticles are investigated systematically. The results suggest that the nanodisc shows much higher specific absorption rate (SAR) than isotropic nanoparticles. This is attributed to the parallel alignment of nanodisc with respect to the alternating current magnetic field, which is confirmed by good agreement between experimental results and micromagnetic simulation. It is found that such parallel alignment could enhance the SAR value by a factor of ≈2 with respect to the randomly oriented case. The above results indicate that the nanodisc provides an excellent thermal seed for magnetic hyperthermia. This study sheds the light on the magnetic hyperthermia mechanism of magnetic nanodisc and it also opens the window to explore high efficiency thermal seeds by controlling the orientation of magnetic nanostructures.     

Inside Front Cover: Mobility and Dynamics of Charge Carriers in Rubrene Single Crystals Studied by Flash‐Photolysis Microwave Conductivity and Optical Spectroscopy (Adv. Mater. 5/2008)

Electrodeless photoconductivity measurements of a rubrene single crystal are performed by microwave conductivity and transient optical spectroscopy, demonstrating anisotropy and ambipolarity. From these comprehensive studies, Akinori Saeki, Seiichi Tagawa, and co‐workers discuss on p. 920 the optoelectronic properties of rubrene single crystal in terms of charge recombination of holes and electrons, exciton–exciton annihilation, quantum efficiency of charge carrier generation, triplet contribution, and the extinction coefficients of ionic species accessed by pulse radiolysis.     

Induced chirality through electromagnetic coupling between chiral molecular layers and plasmonic nanostructures

We report a new approach for creating chiral plasmonic nanomaterials. A previously unconsidered, far-field mechanism is utilized which enables chirality to be conveyed from a surrounding chiral molecular material to a plasmonic resonance of an achiral metallic nanostructure. Our observations break a currently held preconception that optical properties of plasmonic particles can most effectively be manipulated by molecular materials through near-field effects. We show that far-field electromagnetic coupling between a localized plasmon of a nonchiral nanostructure and a surrounding chiral molecular layer can induce plasmonic chirality much more effectively (by a factor of 10(3)) than previously reported near-field phenomena. We gain insight into the mechanism by comparing our experimental results to a simple electromagnetic model which incorporates a plasmonic object coupled with a chiral molecular medium. Our work offers a new direction for the creation of hybrid molecular plasmonic nanomaterials that display significant chiroptical properties in the visible spectral region.     

Estimation of Molar Volumes of some Binary Slags from Enthalpies of Mixing

In an effort to interlink the thermo chemical and thermo physical properties of slags, the present work was undertaken to derive the molar volumes of complex slags from the enthalpies of mixing of the corresponding slags. As a first step, binary systems of the following oxides were investigated; Al₂O₃, CaO, FeO, MgO, MnO, and SiO₂. An empirical correlation was derived between the enthalpies of mixing and molar volumes. A comparison of the computed results on the basis of the above relationship with the experimental data on molar volumes available in literature shows that the agreement between the calculated results and measured densities is satisfactory in the case of most of the binary systems, within the limits of experimentally uncertainties. The advantage of the present approach is that it would enable prediction of molar volumes of slags that are compatible with the thermodynamic data available.