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71.
Tsuda T 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2012,56(1):159-170
Anthocyanins are one type of flavonoid phytopigment. Although the role of anthocyanins as a functional food factor remains relatively less established than that of other flavonoids, progress in this area has been made at the molecular level in recent years. This review discusses the potential health benefits of plant-derived anthocyanin-rich foods, with a focus on the role of anthocyanins in obesity control, diabetes control, cardiovascular disease prevention, and improvement of visual and brain functions, areas that have attracted much attention. Such health benefits are not necessarily derived from the antioxidant effect of anthocyanins, but in fact are produced by currently unestablished chemical properties beyond the antioxidant capacity of the molecules. However, a better understanding of the physiological functionality of anthocyanins remains to be elucidated. It is desirable, therefore, to clarify the molecular type and composition of the anthocyanins that confer specific health benefits and to conduct further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms. The pharmacological actions of anthocyanins could not be fully established without knowledge on the effects of treatment of anthocyanins alone, the effects of non-anthocyanin components, and the possible interactions between anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin species. 相似文献
72.
Satoshi Nakao Asako Ozaki Kazuo Yamazaki Keiko Masumoto Tadashi Nakatani Takanori Sakiyama 《Water and Environment Journal》2020,34(3):474-488
Recently, researchers have been examining the actual state of microplastics contamination in the environment. However, pollution in high biodiversity environments such as tidelands has not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, to assess the actual level of microplastics pollution therein, we conducted a survey of the tidelands of Osaka Bay in Japan to develop a model that included basins in urban and suburban areas. We quantified the levels of microplastics in the mud from four of Osaka Bay's tidelands and detected them based on three inhabitants of the main river estuary tideland, namely, bivalves (Corbicula japonica), crabs (Chiromantes dehaani) and a tufted duck (Aythya fuligula). Microplastics ranging in size from 300 μm to 5 mm were targeted, and the results indicated that the concentration of microplastics in the mud tended to increase with tideland proximity to an urban area where the density of the human population was the highest. Microplastics were detected in 10% of the bivalves and 6.7% of the crabs (n = 30 in both cases), and eight pieces of microplastics were detected in the stomach of one tufted duck. These results indicate that the mud in tidelands near urban areas had more microplastics. In addition, the results suggest that microplastics contamination levels may be higher in higher order predators in the food web. 相似文献
73.
Aikawa K Murakami H Inomata K Maruyama T Fujisawa T Takahashi T Yamai S 《Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan》2002,43(3):178-184
Basal studies for the confirmation of sanitary rules in the kitchen were performed, focusing on preventing an outbreak of food poisoning due to eggs contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), using hen and quail eggs. SE did not grow at 5 degrees C but grew markedly at 25 degrees C in eggs. The invasion and growth of SE were marked under very humid conditions regardless of whether the eggshell was damaged. The invasion of SE into egg also occurred when eggs were taken in and out of the refrigerator. Moreover, SE was spread immediately to all non-contaminated eggs when SE-contaminated eggs were cracked into a bowl with non-contaminated eggs. In homemade mayonnaise containing 15% vinegar, sterilization took several hours to occur. On a stainless-steel bowl, SE survived for 2 weeks or more. These findings suggest that it is necessary to pay attention to secondary contamination. 相似文献
74.
75.
Hiromi Nabeshi Tomoaki Yoshikawa Akihiro Arimori Tokuyuki Yoshida Saeko Tochigi Toshiro Hirai Takanori Akase Kazuya Nagano Yasuhiro Abe Haruhiko Kamada Shin-ichi Tsunoda Norio Itoh Yasuo Yoshioka Yasuo Tsutsumi 《Nanoscale research letters》2011,6(1):1-6
In this study, complexes composed of poly-l-tyrosine (pLT) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were produced and the dispersibility of the pLT/SWCNT complexes in water by measuring the ζ potential of the complexes and the turbidity of the solution were investigated. It is found that the absolute value of the ζ potential of the pLT/SWCNT complexes is as high as that of SWCNTs modified with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and that the complexes remain stably dispersed in the water at least for two weeks. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and visualization of the surface structures of pLT/SWCNT complexes using an atomic force microscope (AFM) were also carried out. 相似文献
76.
The methods to estimate the surface tension of polymer solids using contact angles have been reviewed in the first part. They are classified into the following three groups depending on the theories or the equations applied: (1) the methods using the Young's equation alone, (2) the methods using the combined equation of Young and Good-Girifalco, and (3) the methods using the equations of work of adhesion. Some notes and comments are given for each method and results are compared with each other. The two-liquids method for rather high energy surface is also introduced. Next, some new possibilities to evaluate the surface tension of polymer solids are presented by our new contact angle theory in consideration of the friction between a liquid drop and a solid surface. The advancing and receding angles of contact (θ a and θ r ) are explained by the frictional tension γF and accordingly two kinds of the critical surface tension γC (γCa and γCr ) are given. This work has shown that one of the recommendable ways to evaluate γS is either the maximum γLV cos θa or the maximum γC using the advancing contact angle θa alone, and another way is the arithmetic or the harmonic mean of the γCa and γCr . A depiction to determine the γC such as ln(1 + cos θ0 ) vs. γLV with cos θ0 = (cos θ0 + cos θr )/2 has also been proposed. 相似文献
77.
Chand R Narimura K Kawakita H Ohto K Watari T Inoue K 《Journal of hazardous materials》2009,163(1):245-250
Grape waste generated in wine production is a cellulosic material rich in polyphenolic compounds which exhibits a high affinity for heavy metal ions. An adsorption gel was prepared from grape waste by cross-linking with concentrated sulfuric acid. It was characterized and utilized for the removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic aqueous solution. Adsorption tests were conducted in batch mode to study the effects of pH, contact time and adsorption isotherm of Cr(VI), which followed the Langmuir type adsorption and exhibited a maximum loading capacity of 1.91 mol/kg at pH 4. The adsorption of different metal ions like Cr(VI), Cr(III), Fe(III), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution at different pH values 1-5 has also been investigated. The cross-linked grape waste gel was found to selectively adsorb Cr(VI) over other metal ions tested. The results suggest that cross-linked grape waste gel has high possibility to be used as effective adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal. 相似文献
78.
Duling Xu Hongyan Li Takanori Katsube Guomin Huang Jiadi Liu Bing Wang Hong Zhang 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(9)
Concurrent exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) and psychological stress (PS) may affect the development of adverse health consequences in scenarios such as space missions, radiotherapy and nuclear accidents. IR can induce DNA damage and cell apoptosis in the kidneys, thus potentially leading to renal fibrosis, which is the ultimate outcome of various chronic progressive nephropathies and the morphological manifestation of a continuous coordinated response after renal injury. However, little is known regarding the effects of concurrent IR exposure and PS on renal damage, particularly renal fibrosis. In this study, using a chronic restraint-induced PS (CRIPS) model, we exposed Trp53-heterozygous mice to total body irradiation with 0.1 or 2 Gy 56Fe ions on the eighth day of 28 consecutive days of a restraint regimen. At the end of the restraint period, the kidneys were collected. The histopathological changes and the degree of kidney fibrosis were assessed with H&E and Masson staining, respectively. Fibronectin (FN) and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), biomarkers of fibrosis, were detected by immunohistochemistry. Analysis of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage, was performed with immunofluorescence, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assays were used to detect apoptotic cells. Histopathological observations did not indicate significant structural damage induced by IR or CRIPS + IR. Western blotting revealed that the expression of α-SMA was much higher in the CRIPS + IR groups than the CRIPS groups. However, no differences in the average optical density per area were observed for FN, α-SMA and 8-OHdG between the IR and CRIPS + IR groups. No difference in the induction of apoptosis was observed between the IR and CRIPS + IR groups. These results suggested that exposure to IR (0.1 and 2 Gy 56Fe ions), 28 consecutive days of CRIPS or both did not cause renal fibrosis. Thus, CRIPS did not alter the IR-induced effects on renal damage in Trp53-heterozygous mice in our experimental setup. 相似文献
79.
Masahiro Hatasa Sumiko Yoshida Hirokazu Takahashi Kenichi Tanaka Yoshihito Kubotsu Yujin Ohsugi Takaharu Katagiri Takanori Iwata Sayaka Katagiri 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by pathogenic oral microorganisms that leads to the destruction of alveolar bone and connective tissues around the teeth. Although many studies have shown that periodontal disease is a risk factor for systemic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and periodontal disease has not yet been clarified. Thus, the purpose of this review was to reveal the relationship between NAFLD and periodontal disease based on epidemiological studies, basic research, and immunology. Many cross-sectional and prospective epidemiological studies have indicated that periodontal disease is a risk factor for NAFLD. An in vivo animal model revealed that infection with periodontopathic bacteria accelerates the progression of NAFLD accompanied by enhanced steatosis. Moreover, the detection of periodontopathic bacteria in the liver may demonstrate that the bacteria have a direct impact on NAFLD. Furthermore, Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces inflammation and accumulation of intracellular lipids in hepatocytes. Th17 may be a key molecule for explaining the relationship between periodontal disease and NAFLD. In this review, we attempted to establish that oral health is essential for systemic health, especially in patients with NAFLD. 相似文献
80.
Qingfeng Ma Takanori Tatsuno Yuka Nakamura Shin‐Ichi Izumi Naohisa Tomosugi Yasuhito Ishigaki 《Microscopy research and technique》2019,82(6):680-688
Transit from the nuclear complex to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex permits modification of mRNA, including processing such as splicing, capping, and polyadenylation, etc. At each of these events, mRNA interacts with various proteins to form mRNA‐protein complex. Visualizing the mRNA is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying mRNA processing and elucidating its structure and recent advances in mRNA imaging allow detection of real‐time mRNA localization in living cells. However, these techniques revealed only the location of mRNA but cannot visualize the conformation of mRNA‐protein complex in cells. On the other hand, transmission electron microscopy has been used to visualize the structure of the Balbiani ring‐derived large mRNA, but their observations were limited to the insect cells. In this study, we visualized the structure of mRNA‐protein complex in human culture cells by using immuno‐electron microscopy. Through immuno‐detection, an mRNA exon junction binding complex Y14, and its binding protien Upf2, different gold particle patterns were imaged with transmission electron microscopy and analyzed. Characteristic linear and stacked particle orientation were observed. Across the nuclear membrane, only linear aggregation pattern was observed, whereas the stacked aggregation pattern was detected in the cytoplasm. Our method is able to visualize mRNA‐conformation and applicable to many cell types, including mammalian cells, where genes can easily be manipulated. 相似文献