一种新的使用两种比特分辨率图象的块匹配运动估计算法及其低功耗VLSI结构

本文给出了一种新的块匹配运动估计算法,它根据视频图像内容的复杂程度自适应地选择常规的或者低比特分辨率的图像来进行块匹配,并且采用了一种混合使用两种比特分辨率图像的新望远镜搜索算法.模拟结果表明,新算法具有较低的计算复杂性,并且能够保证较好的视频质量.基于该算法,我们设计了一种新的脉动阵列结构的搜索引擎.该引擎具有可分割的数据通道,从而在使用低比特分辨率图像进行块匹配时能够通过加强处理的并行性来提高吞吐率.新的运动估计器可工作在较低的时钟频率和电源电压之下,具有低的功耗消耗.     

适于运动估值VLSI实现的改进的树结构

文中给出了一种用于实现多分辨率运动估算算法后阶段任务的改进的树结构。在一个简单的RISC类型核控制下,它能够完成整个运动估值过程中除粗分辨率精度运动矢量搜索之外的所有后阶段子任务。包括运动矢量优化（搜索）在内的多任务是通过二叉树最底层叶节点上的多功能处理单元和可以拆分成子树的加法树来实现的。此外,运算单元寄存器堆的设计使能在二维方向上复用图像数据,完全避免了同一类数据从存储器中重复读取,从而实现了最小的存储器访问带宽,并有助于减小存储功耗。     

The characteristics of the external‐electrode mercury fluorescent lamp for backlighting liquid‐crystal‐television displays

Abstract— A reliable external‐electrode mercury fluorescent lamp (EEFL) has been developed for backlighting a liquid‐crystal‐television (LC‐TV) display. This involved the investigation of the EEFL characteristics and the improvement in the construction of the EEFL and drive waveforms, in the frequency range of 50–200 kHz, that affects the EEFL characteristics. The results showed that a sinusoidal waveform is suitable for driving the EEFL, and EEFL's voltage decreases when the frequency of the drive waveform is increased.     

Anisotropy of the electronic structure and superconducting gap in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8

Simian virus 40 large T antigen interacts with three cellular proteins, pRb, p107, and p130, through a common binding site on the T antigen protein called the E1A conserved region 2-like (CR2-like) domain. Mutations in this domain inactivate the transforming activity of large T antigen. Since these mutations have been demonstrated to abolish binding to pRb and p107, and presumably therefore affect binding to p130, assessment of the relative roles of these three proteins in transformation of rodent fibroblasts by T antigen has been difficult. We have examined the role of T antigen-pRb interactions in transformation. We have introduced a mutant T antigen, which is unable to bind any of these three proteins, into primary mouse fibroblasts derived from the embryos of mice in which the Rb gene encoding the retinoblastoma protein had been disrupted. This mutant is unable to transform the Rb-negative fibroblasts, indicating that inactivation of pRb is not the sole function of the CR2-like domain in the induction of transformation of mouse fibroblasts by simian virus 40.     

Diffraction effect of x-rays on the accuracy of quantitative analysis of crystals

In order to understand an apparent discrepancy of concentration of constituent elements in the quantitative analysis of thin KCl crystals with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer, which has been partly explained by fluorescent X-ray excitation, more detailed experiments were carried out on binary alkali halides and tricomponent amorphous material by changing the azimuthal angle. Intensity ratios of X-rays from the constituent elements in KCl and KBr single crystals varied considerably according to the rotation of the specimens. The observed differences between maximum and minimum intensity ratios were 15% for a thin KCl crystal about 100 nm thick and 20% for a bulk KCl crystal, which corresponded to 4.1% and 4.5% differences in atomic concentration, respectively. It was ascertained that for amorphous materials such as Co₈₇Zr₅Nb₈, such a variation of the intensity ratio of X-rays was not observed. It is thus proved that the variations of the intensity ratios of X-rays from the constituent elements with azimuthal angle for KCl and KBr are attributed to the diffraction effect of characteristic X-rays generated in crystalline specimens. This effect, which is the same as that in the production of Kossel patterns, is one of the essential factors limiting the accuracy of the analysis.     

Role of Phosphate Groups in the Calcium Sensitivity of αs2-Casein

In order to explain the higher calcium sensitivity of α_s2-casein than other casein constituients, properties of α_s2-casein and dephosphorylated α_s2-casein were examined and compared with those of α_s1-casein. α_s2-Casein was more sensitive to calcium than α_s1-casein. Aggregates of calcium α_s1- and α_s2-caseinates were both thoroughly solubilized by 4 M urea. Gel filtration of α_s1-casein and of α_s2-casein in 4 M urea showed the same elution pattern in the presence and absence of 10 mM calcium chloride. Dephosphorylated α_s2-casein was insoluble at neutral pH although dephosphorylated α_s1-casein was soluble. Dephosphorylated α_s2-casein was solubilized by 4 M urea and alkalization to pH 11. The net proton charge, calculated from the primary structure, of dephosphorylated α_s2-casein was very low at pH 7.0, although dephosphorylated α_s1-casein has a considerable number of negative net charges. The calculated isoionic point of dephosphorylated α_s2-casein, which contains one phosphate group, was 6.98. Ester phosphate groups of α_s2-casein play an important role in its solubilization at neutral pH and neutralization of ionized phosphate groups by calcium ion increases hydrophobic interaction, which leads to precipitation.     

Sub-boundaries in3He and4He single crystal and their migration below 1K observed by X-ray topography

The observation of alterations in crystal structure at ultra-low temperatures by X-ray diffraction, made possible by the realization of synchrotron radiation use after a quarter of this century, plays an important role in obtaining an understanding of the base structure of solids. For that, two types of³He-⁴He dilution refrigerators with a modified version of the top-loading facilities were installed at the BL-3C₂ and 6C₁ stations of the Photon Factory. In BL-3C₂, the behaviors of lattice defects in solid helium have been studied by X-ray topography. In this note, the migrations of sub-boundaries in³He and⁴He single-crystals are reported as being the result of an annealing effect. After annealing hcp⁴He single crystals for 80min at 0.5K, no change in crystallographic orientations could be easily observed from white SR X-ray topographs. In the same type topographs of bcc³He single crystals after annealing for several hours at 03K, migration of sub-boundaries were conspicuously discerned.     

Improvement in luminance,luminous efficiency,driving margin,and operational lifetime of HD PDPs by using discharge deactivation film

Abstract— We have improved our 116‐cm HD PDP in many respects by using DDF formed on MgO around the display line boundaries. The DDF allows an extremely narrow inter‐pixel gap even for a stripe‐rib structure because it prohibits vertical crosstalk discharge. The DDF combined with a stripe‐rib structure results in the best address discharge response. Thus, a very wide driving margin area is achieved, allowing for a high percentage of Xe. The preferable sustain electrode shape follows the CAPABLE DDF style, where the principal discharge portion is separated from the bus via a slim bridge. This cell configuration proved to be excellent in operational life testing with respect to DDF as well as in manufacturing process margin. By employing both a thinner dielectric layer and a TiO₂reflective underlayer for phosphor, the address response is further improved so that Xe15% vol. is available from the viewpoint of the driving margin. Thus, we achieved a white peak luminance of 1220 cd/m² and a luminous efficiency of 2.16 lm/W simultaneously despite of an applied sustain voltage as low as 185 V. We foresee that they will be soon as high as 1400 cd/m² and 2.5 lm/W by modifying the sustain electrode style.