使用生铁锈和铁酸盐处理水的方法和设备

水处理涉及利用Fe（OH）2对沉淀污染物进行预处理和利用净化材料进一步沉淀污染物的后处理，该净化材料是生铁锈和铁酸盐的混合物。该水处理设备包括一个预处理槽，一个反应槽用于后处理，一个固．液分离槽，一个投加碱的调节槽、用于连接这些槽的管道以及使调节碱度后的沉淀物返回预处理槽和反应槽的返回管线。被分离的沉淀物被压实，并以高的固．液分离效果被分离。利用铁酸盐处理后的水质得到改善。     

An Electrospray Method Using a Multi‐Capillary Nozzle Emitter

A multi‐capillary nozzle emitter consisting of one metal plate with capillary nozzles and a ring type counter electrode was used as a multi‐electrospray atomizer. The number of capillary nozzles, flow rate of the liquid and the interval between the capillary nozzles were changed, and the droplet diameter and the voltage required for a steady cone‐jet mode were measured. For the multi‐capillary nozzle emitter, the interaction between the capillary nozzles is the important factor for obtaining fine droplets of uniform size. These fine droplets are obtained when there is only a small interaction between the capillary nozzles, and the equations obtained from the single capillary nozzle case are also applicable for the multi‐capillary nozzle emitter. When the number of capillary nozzles decreases (a situation which is not good for obtaining a large amount of droplets) or the interval between the capillary nozzles increases, the interaction between the capillary nozzles can be reduced. As the number of capillary nozzles increase, a higher voltage is required to obtain a fine droplet of uniform size.     

Nanoscale dynamics probed by laser-combined scanning tunneling microscopy

With the miniaturization of functional devices, the difference in the electronic properties, for example, due to the structural nonuniformity in each element of nanoscale blocks has an ever more crucial influence on macroscopic functions. Laser-combined scanning tunneling microscopy, a potential method that enables us to probe the photoinduced carrier dynamics on the nanoscale, is reviewed with the latest results.     

Localization of 17-kDa myosin light chain isoforms in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells

Smooth muscle myosin II contains two 17-kDa essential light chain isoforms (LC17gi and LC17nm) of which the relative contents differ among myosins. To understand the roles of LC17 isoforms in the functions of myosin, we performed an immunofluorescence microscopic examination of their localization in primary cultured cells isolated from rat aortic smooth muscle. To identify the isoforms, rabbit polyclonal antibodies were prepared against C-terminal nonapeptides corresponding to either LC17gi or LC17nm from porcine aortic smooth muscle myosin. These isoforms differ in only 5 amino acid residues within the C-terminal 9 residues. These antibodies specifically recognize each LC17 isoform on urea-PAGE of total rat aortic cell lysates. Immediately after plating, the smooth muscle cells stained heterogeneously with each antibody, indicating differing contents of LC17 isoforms among cells. On double staining 1-2 d cultures with both antibodies, LC17nm was detected diffusely throughout the cytoplasm, whereas LC17gi was concentrated in specific regions such as the cell periphery and the base of cytoplasmic processes. These results support the suggestion that myosin containing LC17gi is essential for force-generation by aortic smooth muscle and that myosin containing LC17nm may play an important role in maintaining smooth muscle tension.     

Parallel voltage sag compensator with reduced capacitance using a boost‐type power factor correction rectifier

A new circuit of parallel‐type voltage sag compensator is proposed in this paper. The proposed voltage sag compensator can reduce the necessary capacity of the energy storage capacitor for compensation by boost‐type power factor correction rectifier charging the capacitor during a voltage sag. As a result the proposed system can reduce the size and maintenance of the apparatus. Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This paper shows the principle and control system of the proposed circuit. Compensation characteristics were demonstrated by simulation and experiment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(2): 19–33, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20261     

Hybrid inorganic/organic composites of Mg-Al layered double hydroxides intercalated with citrate, malate, and tartrate prepared by co-precipitation

Inorganic/organic composite materials composed of Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (Mg-Al LDHs) intercalated with citrate (C₆H₅O₇³⁻), malate (C₄H₄O₅²⁻), or tartrate (C₄H₄O₆²⁻) anions were prepared by a co-precipitation technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction and compositional analyses. The molecular orientation of the organic component in the interlayer space was determined. At low intercalation levels, citrate ion was inclined at an angle of 26° relative to the brucite-like layers of Mg-Al LDH. At higher solution concentrations, both the Mg(C₆H₅O₇)⁻ complex and free C₆H₅O₇³⁻ were isotropically oriented in the interlayer space. For both malate·Mg-Al LDH and tartrate·Mg-Al LDH, the organic anions were inclined at 26° relative to the Mg-Al LDH layers regardless of anion concentration.     

承受高压及轴向应变的高性能输气管线用钢管的开发和性能分析（下）

近50年来,天然气的消耗量大大增加,并且会继续增加以降低主要能源的CO2排放量。随着天然气供应量的增加,为保证其输送的经济性和安全性,开发了高强度大直径焊管,并已成功应用在全球多个地区（如北极地区、地震带和深海海域）。天然气需求的增加对长距离输送管线用钢管提出了新的要求,为此,研究了更为恶劣环境下承受高压和轴向应变的高性能钢管;分析了所开发的高压输气管线用高品质钢管的性能;探讨了承受轴向应变钢管的进一步开发。     

Carbon formation promoted by hydrogen peroxide in supercritical water

A limited use of hydrogen peroxide in supercritical water has produced graphitic carbons from hydrocarbons at the low temperature of 400 °C. The choice of precursor hydrocarbons leads to morphological and microstructural variations. The use of n-hexane has provided chain-like interlinked nanoparticles comprised of graphitic layers, while benzene has been converted to a fine spherical shape of colloidal carbons with sub-micron size. The microstructure of the colloidal carbons is comprised of smaller aromatic clusters than the hexane-derived graphitic layers. Furthermore, the graphitization of the colloidal carbons at 2300 °C has induced not closed shell-like graphitic layers with concentric arrangement but ribbon-like graphitic layers growing in no particular direction. The arbitrary direction of the graphitization demonstrates the smallness of the aromatic clusters allowing for their flexible rearrangement.     

Morphology and growth mechanism of single-helix spring-like carbon nanocoils with laces prepared using Ni/molecular sieve (Fe) catalyst

Single-helix spring-like carbon coils with laces grew over the Ni metal catalyst supported on molecular sieve containing a trace amount of an Fe impurity that originated from a kaolin clay raw material. The morphology, microstructure, and growth mechanism of the single-helix carbon nanocoils and laces were investigated. We found that a trace amount of Fe impurity contained in the molecular sieve was a key factor in the lace growth. It is considered that the Fe impurity may poison, restraint the formation of three crystal faces, resulting in the growth of single helix coils. It is also considered that a very strong inner stress is periodically formed between the boundary of two fibers, and the thin carbon film is swelled to form laces.