The glycoprotein precursor gene of the attenuated Junin virus vaccine strain (Candid #1)

A live attenuated virus vaccine has been recently developed to prevent Argentine hemorrhagic fever. In this paper, we report the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein precursor gene (GPC) of the Junin virus vaccine strain (Candid #1) and its flanking untranslated regions. The untranslated regions flanking the GPC genes of different arenaviruses are variable in length, sequence, and secondary structure. However, when this highly attenuated Junin virus strain is compared with the MC2 strain, which is of intermediate virulence, one nucleotide insertion and four nucleotide substitutions are found at positions that do not affect the predicted secondary structure. When Candid #1 and MC2 RNAs are compared, the nucleotide sequence changes in the GPC open reading frame are concentrated in the amino-proximal and the carboxy-proximal regions. The comparison of the amino acid residues shows that the major changes are located in the amino-proximal region of the GPC.     

弯曲成形动态模拟系统：BSIMU

本文针对自动弯曲机模具设计的关键环节之一——弯曲成形过程的实现,介绍了利用CAD技术进行动态模拟的BSIMU系统。描述了与其相关的模型的建立方法;成形动态模拟中所涉及的数据结构及处理方法;详细分析和介绍了模拟中从预处理、中间成形到边界成形全过程的整套算法及实施情况,并给出了算法框图;讨论了特殊情况的处理方法;叙述了工件在成形模拟中几何信息的获取和校正的方法;同时还讨论了本系统的适用范围。作为BSIMU的实际应用,本文最后给出了一个较为复杂的弯曲件动态成形模拟的实例。     

How much protection is enough?

Infectious diseases are changing patient relations. Risk is a two-way street. Not only are health care providers at risk from patients, but patients also may be at risk from health care providers. Practical measures can be taken: identify the risks; determine how to reduce them; and educate others at risk.     

Prevalence and etiology of gastroduodenal ulcer in HIV-positive patients: a comparative study of 497 symptomatic subjects evaluated by endoscopy

Automatic detection and quantitation of contrast-enhanced lesions on MRI is expected to be useful in characterizing the disease state in multiple sclerosis (MS). The enhancing structures such as cerebral vasculature and regions with no blood-brain barrier complicate automated analysis of lesion enhancement. A pulse sequence that incorporates both stationary and marching saturation bands and gradient dephasing is described for suppressing the enhancements within the cerebral vasculature. A postprocessing technique based on automatic image segmentation is implemented for eliminating enhancing structures such as choroid plexus. All MS lesions larger than 5 mm3 have been successfully identified. The automated analysis produced no false-positives or false-negative lesions above this volume in 13 patients with MS who were evaluated using the acquisition and evaluation techniques described.     

Minimal residual disease status before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is an important determinant of successful outcome for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The efficacy of allografting in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is heavily influenced by remission status at the time of transplant. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based minimal residual disease (MRD) analysis, we have investigated retrospectively the impact of submicroscopic leukemia on outcome in 64 patients receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for childhood ALL. Remission BM specimens were taken 6 to 81 days (median, 23) before transplant. All patients received similar conditioning therapy; 50 received grafts from unrelated donors and 14 from related donors. Nineteen patients were transplanted in first complete remission (CR1) and 45 in second or subsequent CR. MRD was analyzed by PCR of Ig or T-cell receptor delta or gamma rearrangements, electrophoresis, and allele-specific oligoprobing. Samples were rated high-level positive (clonal band evident after electrophoresis; sensitivity 10(-2) to 10(-3)), low-level positive (MRD detected only after oligoprobing; sensitivity 10(-3) to 10(-5)), or negative. Excluding 8 patients transplanted in CR2 for isolated extramedullary relapse (all MRD-), MRD was detected at high level in 12 patients, low level in 11, and was undetectable in 33. Two-year event-free survival for these groups was 0%, 36%, and 73%, respectively (P <.001). Follow-up in patients remaining in continuing remission is 20 to 96 months (median, 35). These results suggest that MRD analysis could be used routinely in this setting. This would allow identification of patients with resistant leukemia (who may benefit from innovative BMT protocols) and of those with more responsive disease (who may be candidates for randomized trials of BMT versus modern intensive relapse chemotherapy).     

Impairment of vascular endothelial function by high-potassium storage solutions

High-potassium cold storage solutions are currently used to preserve myocardial function during heart transplantation. However, the effects of high potassium concentration on vascular endothelial function are not well known. We therefore tested vascular rings for endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent relaxation during storage in normokalemic, normothermic buffers and then in buffers supplemented with 10 to 110 mmol/L KCl. Maximal endothelial-dependent relaxation was significantly reduced at all high potassium concentrations. Endothelial-independent relaxation was impaired only with 80 and 110 mmol/L KCl buffers. Both endothelial-dependent relaxation and endothelial-independent relaxation returned to normal values after washout of excess potassium. Similarly, endothelial-dependent relaxation and endothelial-independent relaxation were assessed in rings after 24 hours of hypothermic storage in normokalemic Krebs buffer, and in buffers containing 20 and 110 mmol/L KCl. Maximal endothelial-dependent relaxation was significantly reduced after preservation in the high-potassium solutions, whereas endothelial-independent relaxation was not impaired. We conclude that there is significant impairment of endothelial function after cold storage in a high-potassium buffer. Inadequate washout of potassium during normothermic conditions may lead to further functional impairment of vascular responsiveness. A low-potassium storage medium is recommended for improved vascular protection.     

Long crocidolite asbestos fibers cause polyploidy by sterically blocking cytokinesis

Asbestos has been described as a physical carcinogen in that its carcinogenic effects appear to be related primarily to fiber dimensions. It has been hypothesized that long asbestos fibers may interfere with chromosome distribution during cell division, causing genomic changes that lead to cell transformation and neoplastic progression. Using high-resolution time-lapse light microscopy and serial-section electron microscopy, we have followed individual crocidolite asbestos fibers through the later stages of cell division in LLC-MK2 epithelial cells, and have detailed for the first time their effect on cytokinesis. We found that long fibers (15-55 microgram), trapped by the cleavage furrow, sterically blocked cytokinesis, sometimes resulting in the formation of a binucleated cell. The ends of blocking fibers were usually found within invaginations of the newly formed nuclei. Nuclear envelope-fiber attachment was evident when a chromatin strand ran with the fiber into the intercellular bridge. Such strands may break, causing chromosome structural rearrangements. Our data are the first to show that individual crocidolite fibers can cause genomic changes by sterically blocking cytokinesis and that fiber length and affinity for the nuclear envelope are important factors. Such genomic changes may be among the initial events leading to asbestos-induced cancers.     

Hypnotic trance. The old and the new

SCFE is the most common hip abnormality in adolescence. The subsequent development and severity of degenerative changes is related to the degree of slippage and to delay in diagnosis. Awareness of this diagnostic possibility in the population at greatest risk and knowledge of subtle and early radiographic findings will allow prompt diagnosis and treatment of SCFE. Follow-up radiographic examination should be used to evaluate for physeal fusion and any complications, including progression of the slip, hardware complications, chondrolysis, avascular necrosis, and secondary osteoarthritis.