Classification of the effectiveness of combination treatments

According to FDA regulations, a combination drug is not efficacious unless each component contributes to the claimed effects. For a univariate endpoint, this implies that the combination at specific doses must be superior to each of its components at the same doses. More demanding is the property of synergy, in which the effect of the combination must be superior to the effect expected based on those of its components. If it is equal to those effects, it is additive, and if it is inferior, it is antagonistic. We give regions in the combination dose plane where these concepts are well defined. If the effect of the combination is greater than the greatest effect achievable by any of its components it is therapeutically synergistic. A combination can be antagonistic, yet its components can still contribute to the claimed effects. If it is additive, synergistic or therapeutically synergistic, its components must contribute to the claimed effects. We relate these concepts and provide designs and sequential procedures for determining whether a combination is therapeutically synergistic, synergistic, additive, antagonistic and contributing or antagonistic and non-contributing.     

The beta 1 integrin, very late activation antigen-4 on human neutrophils can contribute to neutrophil migration through connective tissue fibroblast barriers

Polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) accumulation in extravascular tissues and inflammatory exudates is dependent on their migration through blood vessel endothelium and then through connective tissue. Previously we utilized a barrier of human synovial and dermal fibroblasts (HSF or HDF) grown on microporous filters, as a model of PMNL migration through connective tissue. Those studies showed that beta 2 (CD18) and the beta 1 integrins, very late activation antigen-5 (VLA-5) and VLA-6, in part mediate this PMNL migration. Here we report that VLA-4, which can also be expressed at low levels on activated PMNL, is also involved in PMNL migration induced by C5a through fibroblast (HSF and HDF) barriers, because monoclonal antibody (mAb) to VLA-4 significantly inhibited (by 20-30%) PMNL migration. Blocking the function of CD18, VLA-5 or VLA-6 was not required for detection of the VLA-4-mediated migration. Combination treatment with mAb to VLA-4 and with mAb to VLA-5 or to VLA-6 further inhibited PMNL migration, irrespective of whether CD11/CD18 mechanisms were blocked with anti-CD18 mAb or not. Treatment of PMNL with a peptide based on the VLA-4-binding domain in the CS-1 fragment of fibronectin, but not a control peptide, inhibited PMNL migration to a comparable extent to treatment with mAb to VLA-4. A low level of VLA-4 was expressed on C5a-activated PMNL, detected by immunofluorescence flow cytometry. These results suggest that VLA-4 can be mobilized by human peripheral blood PMNL and can, in addition to VLA-5, VLA-6 and CD11/CD18 integrins, mediate PMNL migration through connective tissue. This is in marked contrast to PMNL transendothelial migration, where beta 1 integrins appear to play no significant role.     

广义杠杆规则及其在配方计算中的应用

作者将相图中的一维杠杆规则推广至多元配料系统而成为广义杠杆规则，并利用这一规则对配方计算中解的可行域问题进行了深入的讨论，给出了几何解释及工艺诠释，对配方设计有一定的指导作用。     

Electroluminescent zinc sulphide devices produced by sol-gel processing

Zinc sulphide thin film electroluminescent devices doped with Mn or Tb have been produced on p-type Si substrates using a process in which doped zinc oxide films are deposited by a sol-gel drain coating method from a solution of zinc acetate containing a manganese or terbium dopant. The films are then converted to ZnS by heating them in an atmosphere containing hydrogen sulphide which replaces the oxygyn with sulphur. The composition, crystalline structure and optical properties of films have shown that complete conversion from the oxide to the sulphide takes place. The luminescent characteristics of the devices so produced have been measured as a function of the doping concentrations, film thickness, insulator thickness and driving voltage and frequency. It has been found that yellow or green luminescence can be obtained using Mn or Tb doping respectively.     

非线性隔振理论初探

本文以线必阻尼，立方刚度非线性系统为例，对非线性隔振理论进行了初步探讨，导出了系统的无量纲运动响应和传递率，并与线性隔振系统进行了比较，着重讨论了非线性对它们的影响，获得了一些有用的结论。     

Dynamic lithium-ion battery model for system simulation

Presents here a complete dynamic model of a lithium ion battery that is suitable for virtual-prototyping of portable battery-powered systems. The model accounts for nonlinear equilibrium potentials, rate- and temperature-dependencies, thermal effects and response to transient power demand. The model is based on publicly available data such as the manufacturers' data sheets. The Sony US18650 is used as an example. The model output agrees both with manufacturer's data and with experimental results. The model can be easily modified to fit data from different batteries and can be extended for wide dynamic ranges of different temperatures and current rates.     

绿色包装材料——生物降解塑料

对绿色包装材料-生物降解塑料的降解机理、特点，国内外研究现状和进展及存在的问题和发展前景进行了介绍。     

电子膨胀阀在电子吊舱制冷系统中的应用研究

介绍了军用飞机电子吊舱蒸汽压缩制冷环境控制系统的工作特点，给出了电子膨胀阀在电子吊舱地面模拟制冷系统中的初步试验研究结果。     

一种获得透视图的新方法

依据物体透视图的人工作图法，本文提出了确定透视变换矩阵的新方法，这种方法基于一组新的参数，而每个参数与透视变换的结果有明显关系，因此便于使用，并给出了计算机作图示例。     

智能控制在回转窑配料系统中的应用

本文介绍智能控制在回转窑配料系统中的应用情况，并阐述该控制器设计、构成、软件系统特点及现场运行效果。