Sentiment analysis in textual,visual and multimodal inputs using recurrent neural networks

Social networking platforms have witnessed tremendous growth of textual, visual, audio, and mix-mode contents for expressing the views or opinions. Henceforth, Sentiment Analysis (SA) and Emotion Detection (ED) of various social networking posts, blogs, and conversation are very useful and informative for mining the right opinions on different issues, entities, or aspects. The various statistical and probabilistic models based on lexical and machine learning approaches have been employed for these tasks. The emphasis was given to the improvement in the contemporary tools, techniques, models, and approaches, are reflected in majority of the literature. With the recent developments in deep neural networks, various deep learning models are being heavily experimented for the accuracy enhancement in the aforementioned tasks. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and its architectural variants such as Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) comprise an important category of deep neural networks, basically adapted for features extraction in the temporal and sequential inputs. Input to SA and related tasks may be visual, textual, audio, or any combination of these, consisting of an inherent sequentially, we critically investigate the role of sequential deep neural networks in sentiment analysis of multimodal data. Specifically, we present an extensive review over the applicability, challenges, issues, and approaches for textual, visual, and multimodal SA using RNN and its architectural variants.

     

From hybrid fibers to microfibers: The characteristics of polyamide 6/polypropylene blend via one-step twin-screw melt extrusion

Multimaterial textiles are frequently employed to attain a certain function or aesthetic effect. The multimaterial assemblies face recycling limitations due to challenges to sort and separate the component materials. A one-step melt extrusion approach to process two mixed common textile polymers, polyamide 6 (PA6), and polypropylene (PP), into PA6:PP hybrid fibers is reported in this study. PA6:PP hybrid fibers were produced in four different configurations; PA6-50 (50 wt% PA6), PA6-60 (60 wt% PA6), PA6-65 (65 wt% PA6), and PA6-80 (80 wt% PA6). The PP component was sacrificially removed from the hybrid fibers and the resultant PA6 fiber structure was analyzed. The SEM images show the development of PA6 microfibers in PA6-50 and PA6-60 hybrid fibers with mean diameters of 0.76 μm and 1.13 μm upon fiber drawing, respectively. In PA6-65 hybrid fibers, the PA6 microfibers were found along with areas where PA6 was encapsulating the PP. Thermal and mechanical properties of the untreated and treated hybrid fibers were also investigated. PA6-60 hybrid fibers were processed into single jersey knitted fabrics and treated to obtain PA6 microfibers fabrics. The bursting strength and wicking properties of the fabric, before and after treatment, were comparatively studied. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:690–699, 2020. © 2020 Society of Plastics Engineers     

The CFD driven optimisation of a modified venturi for cavitational activity

This work presents CFD‐based optimisation of the important geometrical parameters of a cavitating venturi. The parameters for optimisation were selected based on the analysis of the steps involved in the cavitation process like cavity inception, cavity growth, and cavity collapse. It was seen that the ratio of the perimeter of the venturi to the cross‐sectional area of its constriction quantifies the possible location of the inception of the cavity. The ratio of the throat length to its height (in the case of a slit venturi) controls the maximum size of the cavity and the angle of the divergence section controls the rate of collapse of a cavity. Based on the numerical study, it was concluded that a slit venturi (α = 2.7) with the slit length equal to its height (1:1) and a half angle of divergence section of 5.5° is an optimum geometry for best cavitational activity.     

Comparison of mechanical and ballistic performance of composite laminates produced from single‐layer and double‐layer interlocked woven structures

Textile structures have become quite popular as reinforcement materials in composite laminates due to their high impact‐damage tolerance and energy absorption ability. The impact performance of textile composites is not only affected by the type of fiber/matrix but also by the fabric structure used as reinforcement. The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical and ballistic performance of composite laminates reinforced with single‐layer and double‐layer interlocked woven fabrics. Kevlar^®−29 multifilament yarn was used for preparation of all the fabric structures and epoxy resin was used as the matrix system. The composites were produced using a hand lay‐up method, followed by compression molding. The mechanical and ballistic performance of composites reinforced with single‐layer and double‐layer interlocked woven fabrics was investigated in this study. The energy absorption and mechanical failure behavior of composites during the impact event were found to be strongly affected by the weave design of the reinforcement. The composites reinforced with double‐layer interlocked woven fabrics were found to perform better than those comprising single‐layer fabrics in terms of impact energy absorption and mechanical failure. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1583–1591, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Challenges and limitations of maintenance hemodialysis in urban South India

Maintenance hemodialysis is a treatment modality available to few patients reaching end-stage renal disease in India. However, the morbidity and outcome of such treatment remains largely unknown. A retrospective cohort of patients commencing hemodialysis in a secondary care institution in India between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2004 was studied. Patient demographics, cardiac status, access, hospitalizations, and emergency room visits were assessed and outcomes determined. During the study period, 95 patients (66 males, 29 females) commenced maintenance hemodialysis. The underlying cause of chronic kidney disease was diabetic nephropathy in 66.3% of patients. Cumulative follow-up was 676+9.1 patient months. The mean serum creatinine (+SD) at initiation of dialysis was 8.39+3.28 mg%. Thirty-six percent of patients had a functioning arteriovenous fistula at commencement of dialysis, while the remaining 64% of patients required temporary access. The mean number of comorbidities was 1.9+1.0/patient; diastolic dysfunction was deemed to be present in 20.4% of the patients. The hospitalization rate was 3.9/patient year; the number of visits to the emergency room was 4.9/patient year. Cardiac pathology was the most common cause leading to hospitalization and emergency room visits. Diabetic patients were older and had higher cardiac morbidity (p<0.01). The outcome was as follows: 39% transferred to other units; 27% died; 9% switched to CAPD; 8% lost to follow-up; 1% transplantation: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a median survival of 410 days. Patients commencing hemodialysis in an urban dialysis center in South India are predominantly male and have significant comorbidity including diabetes and cardiac disease. Outcome is generally poor. Hence, a huge opportunity for improvement exists.     

Cotton in the new millennium: advances,economics, perceptions and problems

Cotton is the most significant natural fibre and has been a preferred choice of the textile industry and consumers since the industrial revolution began. The share of man-made fibres, both regenerated and synthetic fibres, has grown considerably in recent times but cotton production has also been on the rise and accounts for about half of the fibres used for apparel and textile goods. To cotton’s advantage, the premium attached to the presence of cotton fibre and the general positive consumer perception is well established, however, compared to commodity man-made fibres and high performance fibres, cotton has limitations in terms of its mechanical properties but can help to overcome moisture management issues that arise with performance apparel during active wear.

This issue of Textile Progress aims to:

1. Report on advances in cotton cultivation and processing as well as improvements to conventional cotton cultivation and ginning. The processing of cotton in the textile industry from fibre to finished fabric, cotton and its blends, and their applications in technical textiles are also covered.

2. Explore the economic impact of cotton in different parts of the world including an overview of global cotton trade.

3. Examine the environmental perception of cotton fibre and efforts in organic and genetically-modified (GM) cotton production. The topic of naturally-coloured cotton, post-consumer waste is covered and the environmental impacts of cotton cultivation and processing are discussed. Hazardous effects of cultivation, such as the extensive use of pesticides, insecticides and irrigation with fresh water, and consequences of the use of GM cotton and cotton fibres in general on the climate are summarised and the effects of cotton processing on workers are addressed. The potential hazards during cotton cultivation, processing and use are also included.

4. Examine how the properties of cotton textiles can be enhanced, for example, by improving wrinkle recovery and reducing the flammability of cotton fibre.