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排序方式: 共有127条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
31.
Juha Oksa Sanna Hosio Tero Mäkinen Harri Lindholm Hannu Rintamäki Sirkka Rissanen 《Ergonomics》2014,57(5):669-678
This field study evaluated the level of muscular, cardiorespiratory and thermal strain of mast and pole workers. We measured the muscular strain using electromyography (EMG), expressed as a percentage in relation to maximal EMG activity (%MEMG). Oxygen consumption (VO2) was indirectly estimated from HR measured during work and expressed as a percentage of maximum VO2 (%VO2max). Skin and deep body temperatures were measured to quantify thermal strain. The highest average muscular strain was found in the wrist flexor (24 ± 1.5%MEMG) and extensor (21 ± 1.0%MEMG) muscles, exceeding the recommendation of 14%MEMG. Average cardiorespiratory strain was 48 ± 3%VO2max. Nearly half (40%) of the participants exceeded the recommended 50%VO2max level. The core body temperature varied between 36.8°C and 37.6°C and mean skin temperature between 28.6°C and 33.4°C indicating possible occasional superficial cooling. Both muscular and cardiorespiratory strain may pose a risk of local and systemic overloading and thus reduced work efficiency. Thermal strain remained at a tolerable level. 相似文献
32.
The comparison of particle oxidation and surface structure of diesel soot particles between fossil fuel and novel renewable diesel fuel 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Matti Happonen Tero Lähde Maria E. Messing Teemu Sarjovaara Martti Larmi L. Reine Wallenberg Annele Virtanen Jorma Keskinen 《Fuel》2010,89(12):4008-4013
Conventional fossil diesel fuel and renewable diesel fuel based on hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVO) were compared regarding the oxidation characteristics of the generated soot particulate. The comparison was performed by utilizing a high-temperature oxidation tandem differential mobility analyser in which monodisperse soot aerosol was first selected and then heated in a high-temperature furnace. The particle size reduction caused by oxidation during the furnace treatment was then measured as a function of furnace temperature. The results indicate that soot oxidation is very similar between the studied fuels. This is supported by the obtained HR-TEM images and EELS-spectra which were practically indistinguishable between different fuels and engine conditions. The similar oxidation properties and surface structure between fossil and HVO-based diesel fuels imply that the oxidative aftertreatment devices designed for fossil diesel should work well also with the studied renewable diesel fuel. 相似文献
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34.
Tero A. H. J?rvinen Ulrike May Stuart Prince 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(10):23556-23571
Growth factors and other agents that could potentially enhance tissue regeneration have been identified, but their therapeutic value in clinical medicine has been limited for reasons such as difficulty to maintain bioactivity of locally applied therapeutics in the protease-rich environment of regenerating tissues. Although human diseases are treated with systemically administered drugs in general, all current efforts aimed at enhancing tissue repair with biological drugs have been based on their local application. The systemic administration of growth factors has been ruled out due to concerns about their safety. These concerns are warranted. In addition, only a small proportion of systemically administered drugs reach their intended target. Selective delivery of the drug to the target tissue and use of functional protein domains capable of penetrating cells and tissues could alleviate these problems in certain circumstances. We will present in this review a novel approach utilizing unique molecular fingerprints (“Zip/postal codes”) in the vasculature of regenerating tissues that allows target organ-specific delivery of systemically administered therapeutic molecules by affinity-based physical targeting (using peptides or antibodies as an “address tag”) to injured tissues undergoing repair. The desired outcome of targeted therapies is increased local accumulation and lower systemic concentration of the therapeutic payload. We believe that the physical targeting of systemically administered therapeutic molecules could be rapidly adapted in the field of regenerative medicine. 相似文献
35.
A comparison of rheology and FTIR in the study of polypropylene and polystyrene photodegradation
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Rheology and FTIR spectroscopy are compared as methods to study the degree of photodegradation in polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) sheets. The materials are hot pressed, artificially photo‐aged with fluorescent lights for 4–2048 h and then measured with a rotational rheometer and FTIR. Both materials show a tendency for chain scission which can be seen as a reduction in viscosity. Changes in PP can be observed with both methods after 256 h of irradiation. Changes in PS become significant in rheology after 64 h but in FTIR only after 1024 h of irradiation. Due to the different chemical nature of the materials, the degradation of PS is rather linear with exposure, whereas the degradation of PP is more exponential. Using the zero shear viscosities obtained through extrapolations of the Cole–Cole and Carreau–Yasuda models, relative molecular weights are estimated with the aid of the power–law relationship between these two. These results are compared with the carbonyl indices determined from the FTIR spectra. Rheology is found to be a viable alternative for FTIR in certain situations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42246. 相似文献
36.
Davide Barreca Giorgio Carraro Alberto Gasparotto Chiara Maccato Michael E. A. Warwick Kimmo Kaunisto Cinzia Sada Stuart Turner Yakup Gnüllü Tero‐Petri Ruoko Laura Borgese Elza Bontempi Gustaaf Van Tendeloo Helge Lemmetyinen Sanjay Mathur 《Advanced Materials Interfaces》2015,2(17)
Harnessing solar energy for the production of clean hydrogen by photoelectrochemical water splitting represents a very attractive, but challenging approach for sustainable energy generation. In this regard, the fabrication of Fe2O3–TiO2 photoanodes is reported, showing attractive performances [≈2.0 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode in 1 M NaOH] under simulated one‐sun illumination. This goal, corresponding to a tenfold photoactivity enhancement with respect to bare Fe2O3, is achieved by atomic layer deposition of TiO2 over hematite (α‐Fe2O3) nanostructures fabricated by plasma enhanced‐chemical vapor deposition and final annealing at 650 °C. The adopted approach enables an intimate Fe2O3–TiO2 coupling, resulting in an electronic interplay at the Fe2O3/TiO2 interface. The reasons for the photocurrent enhancement determined by TiO2 overlayers with increasing thickness are unraveled by a detailed chemico‐physical investigation, as well as by the study of photogenerated charge carrier dynamics. Transient absorption spectroscopy shows that the increased photoelectrochemical response of heterostructured photoanodes compared to bare hematite is due to an enhanced separation of photogenerated charge carriers and more favorable hole dynamics for water oxidation. The stable responses obtained even in simulated seawater provides a feasible route in view of the eventual large‐scale generation of renewable energy. 相似文献
37.
Shirai T Kellock H Setälä T Friberg AT 《Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision》2012,29(7):1288-1292
We describe a method for image transmission through an aberrating medium by means of a modified configuration for conventional ghost diffraction with classical incoherent beams. On the basis of optical coherence theory, we show that the effects of phase disturbances, be they deterministic or random, can be canceled out in our method and the squared modulus of the Fourier transform of the object is obtained in terms of intensity-correlation measurements. From the measurement data, the object can be reconstructed using standard phase retrieval algorithms. 相似文献
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39.
Aittokallio T Malminen JS Pahikkala T Polo O Nevalainen OS 《Computer methods and programs in biomedicine》2007,85(1):8-18
We describe an automated method for monitoring airflow dynamics in the upper airway of a sleeping subject. Its main task is to determine a set of inspiratory flow shape representatives and their relative incidence in a given respiratory airflow material. The flow shape clustering aims at reducing redundant information in the data, and thereby decreases the time needed to score overnight sleep recordings. Compared with previous computer-assisted systems, built on a pre-defined classification of prototype shapes, we require no a priori assumptions of the flow shape clusters to be discovered. The intrinsic flow shape clustering is performed with a modification of the Isodata algorithm, and the K-means clustering is used as a reference in comparison studies. The operation of the method is demonstrated on clinical sleep recordings both from patients with nocturnal breathing disorders and from non-symptomatic individuals. The feasible results obtained in the practical research design suggest that application of clustering algorithms to respiratory airflow measurements could give important insights into the subtle flow shape abnormalities underlying obstructive sleep-disordered breathing. 相似文献
40.
Toshiyuki Nakagaki Atsushi Tero Ryo Kobayashi Isamu Onishi Tomoyuki Miyaji 《New Generation Computing》2008,27(1):57-81
Learning how biological systems solve problems could help to design new methods of computation. Information processing in
simple cellular organisms is interesting, as they have survived for almost 1 billion years using a simple system of information
processing. Here we discuss a well-studied model system: the large amoeboid Physarum plasmodium. This amoeba can find approximate solutions for combinatorial optimization problems, such as solving a maze or
a shortest network problem. In this report, we describe problem solving by the amoeba, and the computational methods that
can be extracted from biological behaviors. The algorithm designed based on Physarum is both simple and useful.
Tutorial series of three invited papers
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