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991.
Veronika Šoltészová Daniel Patel Stefan Bruckner Ivan Viola 《Computer Graphics Forum》2010,29(3):883-891
In this paper, we present a novel technique which simulates directional light scattering for more realistic interactive visualization of volume data. Our method extends the recent directional occlusion shading model by enabling light source positioning with practically no performance penalty. Light transport is approximated using a tilted cone‐shaped function which leaves elliptic footprints in the opacity buffer during slice‐based volume rendering. We perform an incremental blurring operation on the opacity buffer for each slice in front‐to‐back order. This buffer is then used to define the degree of occlusion for the subsequent slice. Our method is capable of generating high‐quality soft shadowing effects, allows interactive modification of all illumination and rendering parameters, and requires no pre‐computation. 相似文献
992.
This paper introduces the use of a visual attention model to improve the accuracy of gaze tracking systems. Visual attention models simulate the selective attention part of the human visual system. For instance, in a bottom‐up approach, a saliency map is defined for the image and gives an attention weight to every pixel of the image as a function of its colour, edge or intensity. Our algorithm uses an uncertainty window, defined by the gaze tracker accuracy, and located around the gaze point given by the tracker. Then, using a visual attention model, it searches for the most salient points, or objects, located inside this uncertainty window, and determines a novel, and hopefully, better gaze point. This combination of a gaze tracker together with a visual attention model is considered as the main contribution of the paper. We demonstrate the promising results of our method by presenting two experiments conducted in two different contexts: (1) a free exploration of a visually rich 3D virtual environment without a specific task, and (2) a video game based on gaze tracking involving a selection task. Our approach can be used to improve real‐time gaze tracking systems in many interactive 3D applications such as video games or virtual reality applications. The use of a visual attention model can be adapted to any gaze tracker and the visual attention model can also be adapted to the application in which it is used. 相似文献
993.
André Maués Brabo Pereira Marcos Aurélio Marques Noronha 《Engineering with Computers》2010,26(1):35-47
Most post-processors for boundary element (BE) analysis use an auxiliary domain mesh to display domain results, working against
the profitable modelling process of a pure boundary discretization. This paper introduces a novel visualization technique
which preserves the basic properties of the boundary element methods. The proposed algorithm does not require any domain discretization
and is based on the direct and automatic identification of isolines. Another critical aspect of the visualization of domain
results in BE analysis is the effort required to evaluate results in interior points. In order to tackle this issue, the present
article also provides a comparison between the performance of two different BE formulations (conventional and hybrid). In
addition, this paper presents an overview of the most common post-processing and visualization techniques in BE analysis,
such as the classical algorithms of scan line and the interpolation over a domain discretization. The results presented herein
show that the proposed algorithm offers a very high performance compared with other visualization procedures. 相似文献
994.
Demons非刚性配准算法拓扑保持性的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在基于配准的图像分割应用中, 拓扑保持性是非刚性图像配准算法的一个重要约束. 本文从矢量场特性出发, 分析了Demons非刚性图像配准算法导致目标拓扑改变时变形场的特点. 根据变形场特点与其雅可比行列式之间的关系, 给出了校正该算法拓扑保持性的方法. 实验表明, 改进后的变形场具有了拓扑保持性. 相似文献
995.
996.
In the context of comparative analysis of protein–protein interaction graphs, we use a graph-based formalism to detect the preservation of a given protein complex (pattern graph) in the protein–protein interaction graph (target graph) of another species with respect to (w.r.t.) orthologous proteins. We give an efficient exponential-time randomized algorithm in case the occurrence of the pattern graph in the target graph is required to be exact. For approximate occurrences, we prove a tight inapproximability result and give four approximation algorithms that deal with bounded degree graphs, small ortholog numbers, linear forests and very simple yet hard instances, respectively. 相似文献
997.
Understanding argumentation and its role in human reasoning has been a continuous subject of investigation for scholars from
the ancient Greek philosophers to current researchers in philosophy, logic and artificial intelligence. In recent years, argumentation
models have been used in different areas such as knowledge representation, explanation, proof elaboration, commonsense reasoning,
logic programming, legal reasoning, decision making, and negotiation. However, these models address quite specific needs and
there is need for a conceptual framework that would organize and compare existing argumentation-based models and methods.
Such a framework would be very useful especially for researchers and practitioners who want to select appropriate argumentation
models or techniques to be incorporated in new software systems with argumentation capabilities. In this paper, we propose
such a conceptual framework, based on taxonomy of the most important argumentation models, approaches and systems found in
the literature. This framework highlights the similarities and differences between these argumentation models. As an illustration
of the practical use of this framework, we present a case study which shows how we used this framework to select and enrich
an argumentation model in a knowledge acquisition project which aimed at representing argumentative knowledge contained in
texts critiquing military courses of action. 相似文献
998.
999.
Jorge E. Mendoza Bruno Castanier Christelle Guéret Andrés L. Medaglia Nubia Velasco 《Computers & Operations Research》2010,37(11):1886-1898
The multi-compartment vehicle routing problem (MC-VRP) consists of designing transportation routes to satisfy the demands of a set of customers for several products that, because of incompatibility constraints, must be loaded in independent vehicle compartments. Despite its wide practical applicability the MC-VRP has not received much attention in the literature, and the few existing methods assume perfect knowledge of the customer demands, regardless of their stochastic nature. This paper extends the MC-VRP by introducing uncertainty on what it is known as the MC-VRP with stochastic demands (MC-VRPSD). The MC-VRPSD is modeled as a stochastic program with recourse and solved by means of a memetic algorithm. The proposed memetic algorithm couples genetic operators and local search procedures proven to be effective on deterministic routing problems with a novel individual evaluation and reparation strategy that accounts for the stochastic nature of the problem. The algorithm was tested on instances of up to 484 customers, and its results were compared to those obtained by a savings-based heuristic and a memetic algorithm (MA/SCS) for the MC-VRP that uses a spare capacity strategy to handle demand fluctuations. In addition to effectively solve the MC-VRPSD, the proposed MA/SCS also improved 14 best known solutions in a 40-problem testbed for the MC-VRP. 相似文献
1000.
Julio Vera Carlos González-Alcón Alberto Marín-Sanguino Néstor Torres 《Computers & Operations Research》2010,37(8):1427-1438
In this work we present a general (mono and multiobjective) optimization framework for the technological improvement of biochemical systems. The starting point of the method is a mathematical model in ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of the investigated system, based on qualitative biological knowledge and quantitative experimental data. In the method we take advantage of the special structural features of a family of ODEs called power-law models to reduce the computational complexity of the optimization program. In this way, the genetic manipulation of a biochemical system to meet a certain biotechnological goal can be expressed as an optimization program with some desired properties such as linearity or convexity.The general method of optimization is presented and discussed in its linear and geometric programming versions. We furthermore illustrate the use of the method by several real case studies. We conclude that the technological improvement of microorganisms can be afforded using the combination of mathematical modelling and optimization. The systematic nature of this approach facilitates the redesign of biochemical systems and makes this a predictive exercise rather than a trial-and-error procedure. 相似文献