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11.
We present dynamic studies of surface reactions using video-Field Ion Microscopy (FIM) along with Pulsed Field Desorption
Mass Spectrometry (PFDMS). Catalytic water formation is followed using rhodium and platinum 3D field emitter crystals for
the oxidation of hydrogen with either oxygen (Rh) or NO (Pt). Strongly non-linear dynamics are observed with nanoscale spacial
resolution. For both reactions quasi-oscillatory behaviour exists under certain conditions of temperatures and partial pressures.
An influence of the probing electric field is observed and possibly essential in establishing oscillatory behaviour. Local
chemical probing of selected surface areas with up to 400 atomic surface sites proves catalytic water formation to take place.
Since water ions (H2O+/H3O+) cause image formation of the O2–H2 reaction on Rh, respective videos provide space-time resolved information on the catalytically active sites. Atom-probe data
also reveal that the surface of the Rh sample reversibly switches from a metallic to an oxidized state during oscillations.
As to the NO–H2 reaction on Pt, fast ignition phenomena are observed to precede wave fronts. After catalytic water formation, NO molecules
diffuse into emptied areas and cause high image brightness. Depending on the size of the Pt crystal, the reaction may ignite
in planes or kinked ledges along the <100> zone lines. Thus FIM provides clear experimental evidence that kinks are more reactive
than steps in the catalytic NO + H2 reaction. Pt surface oxidation occurs and has probably been underestimated in previous FIM studies. 相似文献
12.
Alain Le Mehaute Gilles Crepy Georges Marcellin Thierry Hamaide Alain Guyot 《Polymer Bulletin》1985,14(3-4):233-237
Summary The room temperature conductivity of lithium salts dissolved in polyethylene oxide, proposed as polymer electrolytes, is shown to decrease drastically upon storage. The crystallization process, which is responsible for that ageing, can be blocked, if two further components are added : an elastomer copolymer butadiene-acrylonitrile and a macromer of polyoxyethylene. In addition, a crosslinking process must be carried out. 相似文献
13.
Adam Jacobson Fan Zeng David Smith Nigel Boswell Thierry Peynot Michael Milford 《野外机器人技术杂志》2021,38(1):5-27
Robustly and accurately localizing vehicles in underground mines is particularly challenging due to the unavailability of GPS, variable and often poor lighting conditions, visual aliasing in long tunnels, and airborne dust and water. In this paper, we present a novel, infrastructure‐less, multisensor localization method for robust autonomous operation within underground mines. The proposed method integrates with existing mine site commissioning and operation procedures and includes both an offline map‐building process and an online localization algorithm. The approach combines the strengths of visual‐based place recognition, LIDAR‐based localization, and odometry in a particle filter fusion process. We provide an extensive experimental validation using new large data sets acquired in two operational Australian underground hard‐rock mines (including a 600m‐deep multilevel mine with approximately 33 km of mapping data and 7 km of vehicle localization) by actual mining vehicles during production operations. We demonstrate a significant increase in localization accuracy over prior state‐of‐the‐art SLAM research systems and real‐time operation, with processing times in the order of 10 Hz. We present results showing a mean error of 0.68 m from the Queensland Mine data set and 1.32 m from the New South Wales Mine data set and at least 86% reduction in error compared with prior state of the art. We also analyze the impact of the particle filter parameters with respect to localization accuracy. Together this study represents a new approach to positioning systems for currently deployed autonomous vehicles within underground mine environments. 相似文献
14.
Hamza El Marouazi Benoit van der Schueren Damien Favier Anaëlle Bolley Samuel Dagorne Thierry Dintzer Izabela Janowska 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(44):51300
Four series of polylactide (PLA) based composite films containing horizontally aligned few layer graphene (FLG) flakes of high aspect ratio and adsorbed albumin are prepared. The mechanical and thermal properties varies with percentage, dispersion degree and size of FLG flakes. Great improvement up to 290% and 360% of tensile modulus and strength respectively were obtained for the composite containing high lateral size of FLG at 0.17% wt, and up to 60% and 80% for the composite with very well dispersed 0.02% wt FLG. The composites of PLA and PEG-PLLA containing very well dispersed FLG flakes at 0.07% wt are ductile showing enhancement of elongation at break up to respectively 80% and 88%. Relatively high electrical conductivity, 5 × 10−3 S/cm, is measured for PLA film charged with 3% of FLG. 相似文献
15.
Mechanisms of nanostructure and metastable phase formations in the surface melted layers of a HCPEB-treated D2 steel 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This work investigates the mechanism of surface modification associated with the high-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) treatment of a D2 steel with increasing numbers of pulses. The surface layers were melted and resolidified but the treated surfaces showed very different features. This variation is essentially due to the different levels of homogeneity and carbide dissolution. It is demonstrated that the presence of carbides served as nucleation sites for the surface eruption phenomenon that creates craters on the surface. After a sufficient number of pulses, most of the carbides in the surface layer were dissolved and an almost crater-free homogeneous melted layer consisting of a very stable nano-austenite structure was formed. The HCPEB technique is thus demonstrated to be a versatile technique for surface microstructure modification involving, in the case of steels, austenite stabilization and ultrafine grain formation. 相似文献
16.
Flow profile measurement in microchannel using the optical feedback interferometry sensing technique 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Lucie Campagnolo Milan Nikolić Julien Perchoux Yah Leng Lim Karl Bertling Karine Loubière Laurent Prat Aleksandar D. Rakić Thierry Bosch 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2013,14(1-2):113-119
The need to accurately measure flow profiles in microfluidic channels is well recognised. In this work, we present a new optical feedback interferometry (OFI) flow sensor that accurately measures local velocity in fluids and enables reconstruction of a velocity profile inside a microchannel. OFI is a self-aligned interferometric technique that uses the laser as both the transmitter and the receiver thus offering high sensitivity, fast response, and a simple and compact optical design. The system described here is based on a commercial semiconductor laser and has been designed to achieve a micrometer-range spatial resolution. The sensor performance was validated by reconstructing the velocity profile inside a circular cross-section flow-channel with 320 $\upmu $ m internal diameter, with a relative error smaller than 1.8 %. The local flow velocity is directly measured, thus avoiding the need for model based profile calculation and uncertainties inherent to this approach. The system was validated by successfully extracting the flow profiles in both Newtonian and shear-thinning liquids. 相似文献
17.
Aurélien Bellet Author Vitae Marc Bernard Author Vitae Thierry Murgue Author Vitae Marc Sebban Author Vitae 《Pattern recognition》2010,43(6):2330-2339
During the past few years, several works have been done to derive string kernels from probability distributions. For instance, the Fisher kernel uses a generative model M (e.g. a hidden Markov model) and compares two strings according to how they are generated by M. On the other hand, the marginalized kernels allow the computation of the joint similarity between two instances by summing conditional probabilities. In this paper, we adapt this approach to edit distance-based conditional distributions and we present a way to learn a new string edit kernel. We show that the practical computation of such a kernel between two strings x and x′ built from an alphabet Σ requires (i) to learn edit probabilities in the form of the parameters of a stochastic state machine and (ii) to calculate an infinite sum over Σ* by resorting to the intersection of probabilistic automata as done for rational kernels. We show on a handwritten character recognition task that our new kernel outperforms not only the state of the art string kernels and string edit kernels but also the standard edit distance used by a neighborhood-based classifier. 相似文献
18.
19.
Maria-Jose Escobar Guillaume S. Masson Thierry Vieville Pierre Kornprobst 《International Journal of Computer Vision》2009,82(3):284-301
We propose a bio-inspired feedforward spiking network modeling two brain areas dedicated to motion (V1 and MT), and we show
how the spiking output can be exploited in a computer vision application: action recognition. In order to analyze spike trains,
we consider two characteristics of the neural code: mean firing rate of each neuron and synchrony between neurons. Interestingly,
we show that they carry some relevant information for the action recognition application. We compare our results to Jhuang
et al. (Proceedings of the 11th international conference on computer vision, pp. 1–8, 2007) on the Weizmann database. As a conclusion, we are convinced that spiking networks represent a powerful alternative framework
for real vision applications that will benefit from recent advances in computational neuroscience. 相似文献
20.
Towards a continuous microfluidic rheometer 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Pierre Guillot Thomas Moulin Roman Kötitz Matthieu Guirardel Arash Dodge Mathieu Joanicot Annie Colin Charles-Henri Bruneau Thierry Colin 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2008,5(5):619-630
In a previous paper we presented a way to measure the rheological properties of complex fluids on a microfluidic chip (Guillot
et al., Langmuir 22:6438, 2006). The principle of our method is to use parallel flows between two immiscible fluids as a pressure
sensor. In fact, in a such flow, both fluids flow side by side and the size occupied by each fluid stream depends only on
both flow rates and on both viscosities. We use this property to measure the viscosity of one fluid knowing the viscosity
of the other one, both flow rates and the relative size of both streams in a cross-section. We showed that using a less viscous
fluid as a reference fluid allows to define a mean shear rate with a low standard deviation in the other fluid. This method
allows us to measure the flow curve of a fluid with less than 250 μL of fluid. In this paper we implement this principle in
a fully automated set up which controls the flow rate, analyzes the picture and calculates the mean shear rate and the viscosity
of the studied fluid. We present results obtained for Newtonian fluids and complex fluids using this set up and we compare
our data with cone and plate rheometer measurements. By adding a mixing stage in the fluidic network we show how this set
up can be used to characterize in a continuous way the evolution of the rheological properties as a function of the formulation
composition. We illustrate this by measuring the rheological curve of four formulations of polyethylene oxide solution with
only 1.3 mL of concentrated polyethylene oxide solution. This method could be very useful in screening processes where the
viscosity range and the behavior of the fluid to an applied stress must be evaluated. 相似文献