On radiant energy in high-temperature research

The mechanism of heating solids with radiant energy is reviewed and the need for measuring radiative properties is pointed out. Image furnaces are suitable for such measurement at high temperatures. The limitations of image furnace operations are discussed and methods as well as equipment offered to overcome the limitations. The importance of artificial black bodies in high-flux measurements is described and a new shape for such cavities is proposed. Data comparing this shape with hitherto used shapes are tabulated. Design for a fast-action on-off shutter for image furnaces is presented. In its retracted position the shutter does not cast any shadow on the mirror and it does not require artificial cooling even when exposed to radiation.     

Influence of naltrexone on cue-elicited craving among hazardous drinkers: The moderational role of positive outcome expectancies.

This study was designed to elucidate mechanisms by which naltrexone (NTX) influences drinking among hazardous drinkers. Thirty-six hazardous drinkers received 50 mg NTX or placebo on 2 separate occasions before participation in a taste test procedure with low-alcohol beer. Urges to drink before consumption, beer volume consumed, and perceived stimulation and sedation after consumption were assessed. Although NTX did not influence beer consumption, hazardous drinkers who reported high positive reinforcement expectancies rated their urges to drink as significantly lower when they were on NTX compared with placebo. Positive outcome expectancies also moderated the effects of NTX on subjective reports of stimulation following drinking. These findings suggest that naltrexone may be particularly effective at reducing alcohol cue-elicited positive reinforcement for those with high positive alcohol outcome expectancies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The influence of ECAP on the small punch creep of Al–4 vol.% Al<Subscript>4</Subscript>C<Subscript>3</Subscript> composite

The creep behaviour of a composite based on an aluminium matrix reinforced by 4 vol.% Al₄C₃ was studied at temperatures of 623 and 723 K by small punch testing with a constant force. The composite was tested in two different states: (i) as received by mechanical alloying with hot extrusion (HE) as the final operation and (ii) with equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) superimposed on the hot-extruded material. The ECAP does not improve the observed creep resistance. The reduction of force leading to the same deflection rate is not very significant. This points out that the ECAP process of the present composite, which produces substantial strengthening at lower temperatures, is not accompanied by pronounced weakening of creep resistance at elevated temperatures. The threshold force in the ECAP material is about 5 N weaker than in the HE material.     

Publication and cooperation patterns of the authors of neuroscience journals

Characteristics of publication activity and co-authorship in neurosciences are analysed. The present study aims at describing the common, as well as the distinguishing features of productivity and co-publication patterns of four types of authors. For this purpose, authors are classified according to their anterior and posterior records. The role of the author types in the process of documented scientific communication, the relation between co-authorship and publication activity, as well as collaboration between the four types is studied. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparison of Lewis acids of different hardness supported on silica gel as catalysts of Diels–Alder reactions of (E)-2-cyanocinnamates

The behaviour of several Lewis acids, derived from zinc, aluminium and titanium, supported on silica gel, as catalysts of the Diels-Alder reactions of cyclopentadiene with methyl, (1R,2S,5R)-menthyl, and (R)-pantolactone (E)-2-cyanocinnamates has been compared. The best catalytic activities were observed with the zinc catalysts. The extent and even the direction of the asymmetric induction changes for the same chiral auxiliary depending on the catalyst used. Ab initio theoretical calculations, carried out on model dienophile-catalyst intermediates, show that the coordination of the softer zinc derivatives at the nitrogen atom is thermodynamically favoured, whereas coordination to the carbonyl oxygen atom is preferred for the harder aluminium catalysts. However, in both cases the most reactive intermediate comes from the coordination of the Lewis acid to the carbonyl group of the dienophile in the s-trans conformation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Conceptual model for informing user with innovative smart wearable device in industry 4.0

Wireless Networks - The everyday needs of people with disabilities represent a challenge in designing new and innovative services. The capabilities provided by modern communication technologies...