The effect of insulin on the function of the lysosomal apparatus of the neutrophilic leukocytes during the formation of a stress syndrome

In experiments on male rabbits with the lack of insulin it is been revealed violations after the past immobilization the intensivity and duration of neutrophilic leukocytosis decrease, contents of lysosomes in neutrophils, activity of acid phosphatase. By lysosomal ferments don't determine the can observer discordance of processes of coagulation, fibrinolysis, kininogenesis.     

Effect of the Products of Plasma-Chemical Transformations on the Properties of a Plasma and Its Dynamic Behavior

A glow-discharge plasma bounded by a chemically reactive surface is studied. It is shown that the investigation of the properties of such systems must take into account heterogeneous reactions and chemical feedback. A study is undertaken to explore the dynamics of attaining the steady-state values of the discharge current and the plasma glow intensity in a case where there is gas desorption from the boundary surface. A formal model of the process is proposed that takes into account the accumulation of negative ions in the bulk of the positive column of the discharge. This model enables one to qualitatively explain the experimentally observed dynamic features of a plasma.     

Remote sensing technique for near-surface wind by optical images of rough water surface

The study of a new remote-sensing technique for the investigation of near-surface wind fields is an important oceanographic problem. This article is focused on a new method of recording wind fields by the analysis of optical images of sea surface and range–time–intensity images (RTI images) of the sea surface. An RTI image constructed from optical profiles of the sea surface is an optical analogue of a side-looking radar image of the sea surface but has a higher spatial resolution and some possibility for remote sensing of sea roughness. It is possible to form RTI images with a range from some tens of metres to tens of kilometres, depending on the spatial resolution needed. A set of original optical devices for recoding RTI images using linear arrays of CCD-photodiodes was created. An analytical model of sea surface radiance for visible light was developed taking into account the polarization of light and shadowing of surface waves for grazing view geometry. The principle of remote sensing of near-surface winds by its manifestations on a waved surface under grazing angles based on a comparison of measured and modelled surface radiance is discussed. Investigations of near-surface wind field features in internal reservoirs and various regions of the seas during the last few years have been conducted by optical systems. The structure of near-surface wind fields, eddies, wind fronts, and katabatic wind flows for ranges from hundreds of metres to some tens of kilometres was recorded and analysed. Derived data of optical monitoring of water surfaces may serve for future investigations of near-surface wind features.     

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-specific reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors may suppress the replication of specific drug-resistant (E138K)RT HIV-1 mutants or select for highly resistant (Y181C-->C181I)RT HIV-1 mutants

Mutant HIV-1 that expresses a Glu138-->Lys substitution in its RT [(E138K)RT] is resistant to the HIV-1-specific RT inhibitor 2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3'-spiro-5"-(4"-amino-1",2"- oxathiole-2",2"-dioxide)pyrimidine (TSAO). However, cell cultures infected with this mutant were completely protected against virus-mediated destruction by micromolar concentrations of the HIV-1-specific RT inhibitors tetrahydroimidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]benzodiazepin-2(1H)-one and -thione (TIBO), nevirapine, and bis(heteroaryl)piperazine (BHAP). In contrast, cells infected with a virus mutant that expresses a Tyr181-->Cys substitution in its RT [(Y181C)RT] were not protected by nevirapine and TIBO and were only temporarily protected by BHAP. HIV-1 mutant that emerged under the latter conditions contained a Cys181-->Ile substitution in their RT [(LC181I)RT]. This mutant proved highly resistant to all HIV-1-specific RT inhibitors tested, except for several 1-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) derivatives. When recombinant (C181I)RT was evaluated for susceptibility to the HIV-1-specific RT inhibitors, it was resistant to all inhibitors except the HEPT compounds. Since a (Y181F)RT HIV mutant strain was isolated from cells infected with (Y181C)RT HIV-1 and treated with BHAP, we postulate that the Ile codon was derived from a Cys-->Phe transversion mutation (TGT-->TTT), followed by a Phe-->Ile transversion mutation (TTT-->ATT).     

Domain structure of the Fib-1 and Fib-2 regions of human fibronectin. Thermodynamic properties of the type I finger module

The stability of the Fib-1 (29 kDa) and Fib-2 (19 kDa) fragments of human fibronectin as well as several different subfragments and isolated type I "finger" modules were studied under various solvent conditions by differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy. It was established that all fibronectin fingers constitute independently folded domains whose melting temperatures range from 54 to 108 degrees C. The difference between heat capacities of the native and denatured states (delta Cp) is low, about 0.03 cal/K-g, which is consistent with the relatively low percentage of hydrophobic amino acids and the consequent small change in non-polar surface area exposed to the solvent upon denaturation. The free energy of unfolding at 25 degrees, as calculated from the calorimetric data or measured directly by titration with GdmSCN is also small, in the range of 2.4 to 6.7 kcal/mol. The small delta G value and its flat dependence on temperature (determined by delta Cp) translates the small variations in delta G between fingers into large variations in tm. The small value of delta G also indicates that finger modules are structurally rather fragile which may account for their sensitivity to proteolysis; almost any cleavage within either of the two disulfide loops destroys the cooperative structure and abolishes the corresponding melting transition. The fact that some fingers exhibit large decreases in tm upon separation from more stable neighbors with which they interact can also be viewed as a consequence of the low values of delta G and delta Cp.     

Primary structure of gene H of cattle plague virus strain K]

The paper analyzes the standard legal and methodological assurance of the quality and safety of animal food raw materials and foodstuffs (meat, meat products, fish, shellfish, crayfish and their processing products) by the parasitic purity rates according the requirements under the Russian Federation's laws "On Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population", "On Protection of Consumer's Rights", "On Certification of Products and Services", those of SanPiN, such as 2.3.2.560-96 "Sanitary Requirements for the Quality and Safety of Food Raw Materials and Foodstuffs" and 3.2.569-96 "Prevention of Parasitic Diseases in the Russian Federation".     

Synthesis of the nitrogen-fixing enzyme system in oligonitrophilic bacteria

Oligonitrophilic bacteria were cultivated on a medium containing only 2.5--10.0 mg/litre of nitrogen compounds. They assimilated elementary nitrogen only after utilization of these nitrogen compounds during growth and formation of nitrogen-fixing enzyme system. Their cells grown on a medium containing high concentrations of bound nitrogen did not fix nitrogen during further incubation in the atmosphere of 15N; therefore, the enzymes involved in nitrogen fixation were induced. These organisms are characterized by diauxia during their growth on media containing "start" doses of nitrogen. Enzymes catalysing nitrogen fixation in azotobacter are also induced. But, contrary to oligonitrophilic bacteria, the azotobacter does not require nitrogen compounds in the medium in order to adapt to molecular nitrogen, and its growth curve is not of a biphasal character. These data and the evidence of other authors suggest that all nitrogen-fixing microorganisms are characterized by the induced, not constitutive, enzymes involved in reduction of molecular nitrogen.     

Biogenesis of cellulolytic enzymes by Trichoderma ligorum on media with "inductor"

Identical distribution of C2- and Cx-cellulase activities of enzyme complexes produced by Trichoderma lignorum on a medium with lactose, a soluble "inductor", and on a medium with cellulose was found by means of disc elestrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The maximum rate of synthesis of cellulases on the medium with lactose was registered during the highest deceleration, and even complete cessation, of the fungal growth. During this phase, only one electrophoretically homogeneous cellulase component with Rf of 0.44 possessing all types of the cellulase activity is present in the cultural broth. In the course of growth of the fungus on cellulose after 48 hours, also only one electrophoretically homogeneous component with Rf of 0.44 was found in the cultural broth when the rate of the substrate degradation was highest. The appearance of minor protein components with the activity of cellulase at later stages of cultivation after cessation of the fungal growth is supposed to be caused by modification of the main cellulase component with Rf of 0.44 by the growth medium.