The surgical treatment of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta

The sputum specimens from 1363 patients at the age of 16 to 65 years with nonspecific pulmonary diseases and the pleural exudate specimens from 325 patients were tested for fungi in 1989-1994. The etiological significance of Candida was stated at a concentration of > 10(5) GFU per 1 ml of the sputum. The identification was performed by the routine methods. An increase in the rate of the fungi isolation was studied in the time course of the observation: 15.3 +/- 1.9 per cent in 1989 and 31.6 +/- 3.4 per cent in 1994. The fungi were more frequently isolated from the patients with lung abscesses (38.0 +/- 4.1 per cent of the cases). In the patients with pyothorax the fungi were isolated from the pleural exudate specimens only in 6.8 +/- 1.4 per cent of the cases. The groups of risk of the susceptibility to Candida were revealed. They included patients at the age of 21 to 30 years and above 60. Out of 484 Candida isolates 80.7 per cent belonged to C. albicans, 4.2 per cent to C. tropicalis, 2.1 per cent to C. kefyr and 1.8 per cent to C. krusei. The isolates of C. parapsilosis, C. guillermoudii, C. utilis and C. brumptii were rate. The isolates were highly susceptible to nystatin (91,8 per cent) and lowly susceptible to levorin (35.4 per cent), amphoglucamine (24.7 per cent) and ketokonazol (16.8 per cent).     

Synthesis, structure, and antiproliferative activity of selenophenfurin, an inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor analogue of selenazofurin

The synthesis and biological activity of selenophenfurin (5-beta-D-ribofuranosylselenophene-3-carboxamide, 1), the selenophene analogue of selenazofurin, are described. Glycosylation of ethyl selenophene-3-carboxylate (6) under stannic chloride-catalyzed conditions gave 2- and 5-glycosylated regioisomers, as a mixture of alpha- and beta-anomers, and the beta-2,5-diglycosylated derivative. Deprotected ethyl 5-beta-D-ribofuranosylselenophene-3-carboxylate (12 beta) was converted into selenophenfurin by ammonolysis. The structure of 12 beta was determined by 1H- and 13C-NMR, crystallographic, and computational studies. Selenophenfurin proved to be antiproliferative against a number of leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumor cell lines at concentrations similar to those of selenazofurin but was more potent than the thiophene and thiazole analogues thiophenfurin and tiazofurin. Incubation of K562 cells with selenophenfurin resulted in inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) (76%) and an increase in IMP pools (14.5-fold) with a concurrent decrease in GTP levels (58%). The results obtained confirm the hypothesis that the presence of heteroatoms such as S or Se in the heterocycle in position 2 with respect to the glycosidic bond is essential for both cytotoxicity and IMP dehydrogenase inhibitory activity in this type of C-nucleosides.     

The importance of the mental factor in the pathogenesis and clinical picture of military surgical trauma

The author made an analysis of results obtained during 20 years of examination and treatment of 1024 patients with multiple primary tumours of the mammary gland. Two and more malignant tumours were diagnosed in 404 patients and in 620 patients malignancies were in combination with benign tumours. The combinations were noted with cancer of the second mammary gland, genitals, colon, stomach, skin, lung which is in agreement with literature data.     

Quaternary structure of V1 and F1 ATPase: significance of structural homologies and diversities

The V1 ATPase from the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta and the Escherichia coli F1 ATPase were characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The radii of gyration (Rg) of the complexes were 6.2 +/- 0.1 and 4.7 +/- 0.02 nm, respectively. The shape of the M. sexta V1 ATPase was determined ab initio from the scattering data showing six masses, presumed to be the A and B subunits, arranged in an alternating manner about a 3-fold axis. A seventh mass with a length of about 11.0 nm extends perpendicularly to the center of the hexameric unit. This central mass is presumed to be the stalk that connects V1 with the membrane domain (V(O)) in the intact V1V(O)-ATPase. In comparison, the shape of the F1 ATPase from E. coli possesses a quasi-3-fold symmetry over the major part of the enzyme. The overall asymmetry of the structure is given by a stem, assumed to include the central stalk subunits. The features of the V1 and F1 ATPase reveal structural homologies and diversities of the key components of the complexes.     

Yersinia outer membrane proteins coded for by the virulence plasmid

This review is devoted to problems of regulation of the synthesis of the main virulence determinants encoded by a virulence plasmid of Yersinia pathogenic for humans. The principal attention is paid to differences in the mechanisms inducing the synthesis of Yersinia outer membrane proteins (Yop) in vitro and in vivo. A model of regulation of Yop expression and synthesis is offered. Modern data on the role of these proteins in virulence is discussed.     

Hyperthermic modification of radiation induced gene conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Effect of pre- and post-irradiation hyperthermia on the induction of gene conversion (non-reciprocal recombination) in diploid yeast cells was investigated. Post irradiation heat treatment does not significantly modify the frequency of gene conversion. Both low-level (51 degrees C-10 min) and lethal (51 degrees C, 40 min) pre irradiation heat treatments enhanced the gene conversion frequency by 17-49%. There was no quantitative correlation between the observed enhancement and the radiation dose. These results suggest that hyperthermia given prior to radiation not only sensitizes the cells to killing but also increases their convertogenic response. It has been suggested that recombination may be involved in carcinogenesis and tumour promotion. Based on these observations along with other reports, wherein hyperthermia was shown to modify the carcinogenic effects in animals as well as the genetic effects of radiation in vitro, it is possible to suggest that hyperthermia may have a potential to increase the second primary cancers, especially in long term survivors. Certain differences in the mechanism of interaction between radiation and heat in the pre- irradiation and post irradiation modalities appear likely.     

Prevention of childhood disability and medicosocial rehabilitation of disabled children within the framework of a comprehensive program of the Moscow Public Health Committee "Mother and Child Health Protection."

As a fairly recent newcomer to nursing and as someone who feels responsible for maintaining his competence to practice, Jamie Simpson has a lot of questions. To get the answers, he often turns to his nurse colleagues.